Unit 5–Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business

UK COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND COMPUTING

Module Booklet

Course: EDEXCEL BTEC

Group: Ed excel HND Group (Batch 2)

Module: Unit 5 – Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business

Module type: Core

Module Code: Y/601/0563

Module Credit: 15

Teaching Period: (15 + 6 weeks)

QCF Level: 4

Contact Hours: (15*3+6*3 = 63)

Lecturers: 15 weeks

Assignment support: 3 weeks

Feedback and assignment guidance: 3 weeks

Lecturer: Mr. Olumide Ologan

Start date: 01/10 /2013

Day: Tuesday

Time: 10.00 – 13.00

Room: TBA

Term: Winter (Sept 2013-Jan 2014)

INTRODUCTION

The unit introduces the law of contract, with a particular emphasis on the formation and operation of business contracts. Learners are encouraged to explore the content of these agreements and then develop skills relating to the practical application of business contracts, including offer, acceptance, intention, consideration and capacity. Relevant case law examples will be covered. Learners will consider when liability in contract arises, the nature of the obligations on both sides of the contract, and the availability of remedies when a contract is not fulfilled in accordance with its terms.
Additionally, the unit will enable learners to understand how the law of tort differs from the law of contract and examine issues of liability in negligence relating to business and how to avoid it.
Aim:
The aim of this unit is to provide learners with an understanding of aspects of the law of contract and tort and the skill to apply them, particularly in business situations.

Key Objectives:

Explain the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context
Apply the elements of a contract in business situations
Explain the principles of liability in negligence in business activities
Apply the principles of liability in negligence in business situations

Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria:

L01 Understand the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context:
1.1 explain the importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract
1.2 discuss the impact of different types of contract
1.3 analyse terms in contracts with reference to their meaning and effect
LO2 Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations:
2.1 apply the elements of contract in given business scenarios
2.2 apply the law on terms in different contracts
2.3 evaluate the effect of different terms in given contracts
LO3 Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities:
3.1 contrast liability in tort with contractual liability
3.2 explain the nature of liability in negligence
3.3 explain how a business can be vicariously liable
LO4 Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations:
4.1 apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in different business situations
4.2 apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations.

Knowledge and understanding

The learner needs to know and understand,

Definition of a contract
The essential elements of a valid contract
what is and not ‘a valid offer’ in law
the meaning of acceptance and its consequences
the meaning of consideration, the intention to create a legal relations, the doctrine of privity
types of contract
define the various contractual terms :condition; warranty; innominate term; express; implied; exclusion clauses and their validity
application of relevant principles and case law on business scenarios
contents of a standard form business contract, analysis of terms, the effect of terms
the differences between tort and contract
the elements of tort
the conditions necessary for an action in negligence to succeed – duty of care, breach of duty of care, damage – causation and remoteness
Liability - employers liability, the vicarious liability, health and safety issues
application of the relevant principles of negligence and regulatory and case law to business scenarios
defences for negligence

Programme Specification

Accrediting Body: EDEXCEL
Course: BTEC HND IN BUSINESS
Unit 5: Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business

Wk	Lecture Schedule	Outcome of session	Activity/seminar and formative assessment	Resources
1	Introduction to Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business	Introduction to the module, awareness of awarding body, mode of assessment, and assessment criteria, referencing	Ice breaking, getting to know each other Listen and ask questions,	Handbook Lecture power points White board
2	Essential elements of contract Offer and acceptance	After completing this session the learner will be able to explain the essential elements of a contract and what is and not an offer	Reading, review of questions, group discussion, presentation. Case study, homework.	Lecture power points White board
3	Offer and acceptance	After completing this session the learner will be able to explain the meaning of acceptance, how is acceptance distinguished from other things , consequence of acceptance and how acceptance must be communicated to create an agreement	Listening, reading, review of questions, Case study, group discussion, presentation	Lecture power points White board
4	Consideration Intention to create legal relations Privity Capacity	After completing this session the learner will be able to explain the meaning of consideration, and distinguish the presumption relating to the intention to create legal relations, After completing this session the learner will be able to understand the doctrine of privity and the main exceptions, the legal capacities of people and identify those people with limited power to enter into contracts Review task LO1.1	Listen, reading, review of questions, Question and answer	Lecture power points White board, case studies, module booklet
5	Types of contracts and their impact Face to face, written, distance selling	After completing this session the learner will be able to identify various forms of contracts and their impact Review of task LO1.2	Listen and ask questions, group discussion, case study Question and answer	Lecture power points White board, case studies, module booklet
5	Type of terms Express terms, Implied terms, Conditions, warranty and innominate terms, Exclusion clauses , legality of exemption clauses	After completing this session the learner will be able to distinguish terms and mere presentations, explain various contractual terms, and exclusion clauses and their validity Review of task LO1.3
6	Elements of a valid contract	After completing this session the learner will be able to apply the elements of the relevant principles and case law to business scenarios given in class. Review of task LO2.1	Listen and ask questions, group discussion, case study Question and answer	Power points White board, Case studies, Internet
7	Elements Specific terms Content of standard form business contract, analysis of express terms, implied terms, and exclusion clauses	After completing this session the learner will be able to review the contents of a standard form business contract, apply the law on various terms in the contract and explain the effect of various contractual terms. Review of task LO2.2	Listen and ask questions, group discussion, case study Question and answer	Lecture power points White board Module booklet
8	Discharge of contract Breach of condition, warranty and innominate terms, Remedies, damages	After completing this session the learner will be able to understand different ways to discharge a contract, how a contract can be breached, and the effect of breach of condition, warranty and innominate terms, remedies for breach of contract and the rules relating to the award of damages. Review of task LO2.3	Question and answer, group discussion, case study	Power points White board Internet, Videos Module booklet
9	Tort Negligence How tort differs from a contract Duty of care	After completing this session the learner will be able to define tort and show how it is different from a contract, explain the three elements of tort, define negligence and explain the three conditions necessary for an action in negligence to succeed. Be able to explain the meaning of duty of care, recent developments in the duty of care, and the limitations to the duty of care.	Reading and open Case study, question and answer Listen and ask questions	Power points White board, Module booklet
10	Breach of duty of care	After completing this session the learner will be able to explain the circumstances in which breach of duty of care may occur	Reading listen and ask questions, homework	Power points White board, flipchart Module booklet
11	Damage Causation and Remoteness of Damage, Personal injuries Damage to property, Economic loss Occupier liability Review of task 3	After completing this session the learner will be able to distinguish between causation in fact and remoteness of damage Review of task LO3.1, 3.2 and 3.3	Reading listen and ask questions, homework	Power points White board, mo
12	Liability Employer’s liability Vicarious liability Health and safety issues	After completing this session the learner will be able to understand how a business can be vicariously liable. Explain the liability arising from failure to comply with health and safety at work	Reading, listening and asking questions, case study	Power points White board, flipchart Module booklet
13	Negligence Application of the legal principles	After completing this session the learner will be able to apply the relevant principles of negligence and relevant statutory and case law to business scenarios given in class and the defenses to an action of negligence	Case study, Group discussion group presentations, home work	Power points White board, Module booklet
14	Vicarious liability Assessment Review of task 4	After completing this session the learner will be able to apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business scenarios. Review of task LO4.1, and 4.2	Case study, Group discussion group presentations, home work	Power point White board Use of internet
15	Revision	After completing this session the learner will be able to Work on assignment addressing LO1, LO2, LO3 and LO4	Group discussion Question and answer	Power points White board, Module booklet
16	Assignment support and guidance	Learners will be able to get assignment support and guidance	Practical group discussion, questions and answer	White board, Internet Module booklet
17	Assignment support and guidance	Learners will be able to get assignment support and guidance	Practical group discussion, questions and answer
18	Assignment support and guidance	Learners will be able to get assignment support and guidance	Discussion, questions and answer
19	Feedback and assessment	Learners will be able to get feedback
20	Feedback and assessment	Learners will be able to get feedback
21	Feedback and assessment	Learners will be able to get feedback

ASSESSEMENT and ASSIGNMENT BRIEF

Unit 5 : Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business UNIT CODE: Y/601/0563
Learning Hours: 63 Hours. Self-learning hours: 87 hours.
Course: HND Business – Level 4 Credits: 15
Term: Winter (Sept. 2013 Intake)
Lecturer: Mr. Olumide Ologan	Verifier: Mrs. Sunita Kotta

Learners Name
Registration Number
Learners Declaration: I certify that the work submitted for this unit is my own:
Signed:
Hand out Date: 15/10/2013 Submission Date: 10/06/2014

The Following Sections to be completed by the assessor:

Center Name:	UKCBC
Center Number:	08640

Please note that the assessors signature below denotes conformation that he/she has in no way influenced the outcome of the assessment:

Assessors Name:	Mr. Olumide Ologan
Assessors Signature:
Has the unit been Internally Verified? Y/N Date of verification:
Internal verifiers signature:
Internal verifiers assignment brief:

Due Dates
Issue Date	15/10/2013	Deadline (blocking of E-learning)	Tuesday, 10/06/2014
Due Task- 1	05/11/2013
Due Task- 2	26/11/2013
Due Task- 3	17/12/2013
Due Task – 4	21/01/2014

Unit 5: Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business
Learning Outcomes

Outcome

Evidence for the criteria to pass.

Feedback

Assessors decision

Internal verification.

TASK 1: Students are required to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding about essential elements of a valid contract, the impact of various forms of contract, and to analyse various terms. You are required to carry out a research by using supportive materials like Statutes, Decided Cases, books, journals, websites, etc., and give a feedback of the findings on P1.1, P1.2 and P1.3. Answers without application to an organization or appropriate examples will be referred.

P1.Understanding the
essential elements of a valid
contract in a business
context

P1.1 - explain the importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract

P1.1
(P,M,D)

P1.2 - discuss the impact of different types contract

P1.2
(P,M,D)

P1.3 - analyse terms in contract with reference to their meaning and effect

P1.3
(P,M,D)

Summarized Feedback for Task 1 (reflecting 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, Pass merit and distinction.)

IV comments towards
Task 1

TASKS 2, Students are required to apply their skills and learning of essential elements and terms of a business contract to business scenario given in the assignment and a standard form contract from an organisation of their choice. You are required to apply the law with the materials like Statutes, Decided Cases, books, journals, websites, etc in your arguments. Students’ skills and learning will be assessed against the learning outcomes labelled as P2.1, P2.2 and P2.3. Answers without application to business scenarios given in the assignment, standard form contract from a specific organisation and/or appropriate examples based on decided cases will be referred. Please select two scenarios.

P2. Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations

P2.1 - apply the elements of contract in a given business scenarios 1, 2, and 3

P2.1
(P,M,D)

P 2.2 - apply the law on terms in different contracts using a contract of your choice.

P2.2
(P,M,D)

P 2.3 - evaluate the effect of different terms in given contracts using business scenario 4

P2.3
(P,M,D)

Summarized Feedback for Task 2 (reflecting 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, Pass merit and distinction.)

IV comments towards
Task 2

Task 3 Students are required to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of negligence in business activities and present their answer in form of an essay. You are required to carry out research using law materials like Statutes, Decided Cases, books, journals, websites, etc in your argument and give feedback to P3.1, P3.2 and P3.3.Answers without application to an organisation and appropriate examples from decided cases and statutes will referred.

P3.
Understand Principles of liability in negligence in business activities

P3.1 - contrast liability in tort with contractual liability

P3.1
(P,M,D)

P3.2 - explain the nature of liability in negligence

P3.2
(P,M,D)

P3.3 - explain how a business can be vicariously liable

P3.3
(P,M,D)

Summarized Feedback for Task 3 (reflecting 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, Pass merit and distinction.)

IV comments towards
Task 2

TASK 4 Students are required to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations and submit a report. Students need to apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences and vicarious liability to the business scenarios given in the assignment. In their report students are required to answer P4.1 and P4.2. Answers without use of the business scenarios given in the assignment and appropriate examples from decided cases and statutes will be referred.

Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations

P4.1 - apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in different business situations using business scenarios 5 and 6

P4.1
(P,M,D)

P 4.2 - apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations using business scenarios 7 and 8.

P4.2
(P,M,D)

Summarized Feedback for Task 4 (reflecting 4.1, and 4.2, Pass merit and distinction.)

IV comments towards
Task 4

Merit grades awarded

Distinction grades awarded

Resubmit :

Any other comments

Grade given by the tutor:
Pass Merit Distinction
Tutors Signature: Date:

IV Grading Check: Comments if any:Agree
Disagree Modify grade to
IV signature:
Date:

Students feedback:
Student Signature: Date: Plagiarism:
Any act of plagiarism will be seriously dealt with according to the colleges and awarding bodies’ regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below:
Plagiarism is presenting someone’s work as your won. It includes copying information directly from the web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework form another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the college procedure. (For further details please refer to the plagiarism policy and the student code of conduct.)

ASSIGNMENT

Unit 5: Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business   QCF Level: 4           Credit value: 15
TASK 1:
Students are required to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding about essential elements of a valid contract, the impact of various forms of contract, and to analyse various terms. You are required to carry out a research by using supportive materials like Statutes, Decided Cases, books, journals, websites, etc., and give a feedback of the findings on P1.1, P1.2 and P1.3. Your answer should be in essay form. Answers without application to an organization or appropriate examples will be referred. Due date is 05/11/2013
P1 Understand the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context:
P1.1 explain the importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract
(Explanation should be supported with an example from business practices of daily life for each and every element)
P1.2- discuss the impact of different types contract
(Such as face to face, written, by conduct, distance selling etc. and its impact)
P1.3- analyse terms in contract with reference to their meaning and effect
(Content of the agreement, Express term, implied term and relative importance of contractual terms)
TASK 2
P2. Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations
P2.1 Apply the elements of contract in given business scenarios   .
Students are required to apply their skills and learning of essential elements and terms of a business contract to business scenarios 1, 2 and 3 given below. You are required to apply the law with the materials like Statutes, Decided Cases, books, journals, websites, etc in your arguments.
Answers without application to business scenarios given below and/or appropriate examples based on decided cases will be referred. Please select two scenarios. Due date is 26/11/2013
Business Scenario 1
Miss Kaur, a keen Fine Watches, Pens and Luxury Accessories collector, saw a notice for an auction of Montblanc, Catherine the Great, Limited Edition Patron of the Art's Series fountain pen in the July edition of Antiques News. She travelled 264 kilometres from London to attend the auction in Manchester in order to bid for a particularly Limited Edition Patron of the Art's Series fountain pen which was specifically mentioned in the lists of items to be auctioned.
The auction was to last two days. However, on the second day the lot for luxury pens was cancelled. Miss Kaur went into a nearby antique shop and saw a similar type of fountain pen she had come to bid for. The price ticket stated that it was £1,050, but Kaur said she was only willing to pay £800 for it. The shop assistant, Harry said he would sell it for £950 and Miss Kaur said she would like time to think about it over lunch, Harry agreed not to sell it before Kaur returned.
After Lunch Miss Kaur came back to buy the fountain pen, she found that Harry had already sold it to another customer, who had paid £1000 for the fountain pen.
In the context of contract law, advise Miss Kaur whether she can take action against the auctioneer for the expense of her travel to the auction and Harry for not selling the fountain pen to her.
Business Scenario 2
In September 2011 Charles bought a grade 1 listed building which was in a dilapidated state from an auction with the intention of converting it into a guest house. The building is located in a busy tourist area and the busy tourist season begins in April and ends in October.   Charles entered into a contract with Murphy in October 2011 to do all the necessary renovations for a fixed price of £50,000. Murphy received initial payments of 20,000 and agreed to have the work completed on 1 March 2012, as the guest house had to be ready for its opening on 1 April.
At the end of January, Murphy wrote to Charles that he would not complete the renovation in time unless he agreed to increase his payment by a further £10,000. After a bitter argument Charles reluctantly agreed to pay the increased sum in order to ensure that the job was done on time.
After completing the work on time Charles refused to make the additional payments to Murphy outside the original contractual price.
You are required to advise Murphy whether he has any rights in law to enforce Charles’s promise to pay the extra £10,000.
Business scenario 3
In January 2009, Mia started a business as a self employed builder.
To give him a start in his career, his brother Hakim, who ran a retail estate agency business, said he would give him £2,000 if he repairs the bathroom and a roof in one his properties. At the same time, his friend Jane asked him to do work for her business for a fixed price of £1,000.
However, after completing the two projects Hakim and Jane have failed to pay for the work they had commissioned.
Hakim said he would not pay anything as he had only offered the work to help his brother out to gain more experience. Jane said she would not pay anything either, on the basis that she had only given her work to do on the basis of their friendship to help him gain more experience.
You are required to advise Mia whether he can demand Hakim and Jane to pay the full amounts of their initial promises.
P2.2 Apply the law on terms in different contracts
Students are required to review contents of a standard form contract from an organisation of their choice and apply express terms, implied terms and the legality of the exclusion clauses. Your answer need to be supported with relevant statutes and case laws. You need to select three to five sections as supporting evidence. Answers without application to standard form contract of a specific organisation and appropriate examples based on decided cases and statutes will be marked as fail.
P2.3 Evaluate the effect of different terms in given contracts using business scenario 4 given below
Business scenario 4
In March X engaged Miss Y for 3 years as his research assistant at a salary of £25000 under a written agreement which included the following clauses:
‘6- The research assistant will dress smartly at all times. It is understood that trousers are not an acceptable form of dress under any circumstances.
7- The research assistant will work whatever hours are necessary to complete the assignments given to her.’
On 1st June X asked Y to produce certain statistics for a meeting with an important client at 9 am on 2nd June. In spite of staying in the office until midnight, Y was not able to complete the statistics on 1st June. She returned to the office at 7 am on 2nd June but had still not quite finished the work when X arrived at 8:30.
X was angry. He then noticed that Y was wearing trousers and told her, in front of several colleagues, that her contract was terminated. Y was extremely upset and humiliated. She is now receiving medical treatment for depression.
TASK 3
Students are required to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the principles of negligence in business activities and present their answer in form of an essay. You are required to carry out research using law materials like Statutes, Decided Cases, books, journals, websites, etc in your argument and give feedback to P3.1, P3.2 and P3.3. Answers without application to an organisation and appropriate examples from decided cases and statutes will be marked as fail. Due date is 17/12/2013
P3. Understanding the principles of liability in negligence in business activities
P3.1 Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability
P3.2 Explain the nature of liability in negligence
P3.3 Explain how a business can be vicariously liable
TASK 4:
Students are required to apply principles of liability of negligence to business situations based on the four business scenarios given below and submit a report. In their report students are required to answer P4.1 and P4.2. Answers without application to the business scenarios or appropriate use of examples from decided cases and statutes will be referred. Due date is 21/01/2014
P4. Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations
P4.1 Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in different business situations using the scenarios 5 and 6 given below.
Business Scenario 5
A UK ship was taking on oil in Sydney harbour. Oil was spilled onto the water and it drifted to a wharf 200 yards away where welding equipment was in use. The owner of the wharf carried on working because he was advised that sparks were unlikely to set fire to furnace oil. Safety precautions were taken. A spark fell onto a piece of cotton waste floating in the oil, thereby starting a fire which damaged the wharf. Advise the owners of the wharf if they can sue the chatterers of the ship.
Business Scenario 6
Bell was employed by Shell on vehicle maintenance. Bell had already lost the sight of one eye. It was not a normal practice to issue protective goggles since the risk of eye injury was small. A chip of metal flew into Bell’s good eye and blinded him.
P4.2 Apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations given in the business scenarios 7 and 8 below.
Business scenario 7
Alf is employed by Safe Care Homes ltd a company which runs care homes for vulnerable children in London. Alf is a warden of a care home and has been accused of sexually abusing boys under his care. The parents and guardian of the children are angry and are suing Safe Care Homes ltd for being vicariously liable as Alf is an employee of the company. You have been contacted by Safe Care Homes ltd for advice as to whether the company may be vicariously liable for the torts of Alf.
Business scenario 8
Amos Bridge is a pump attendant employed by AB and Sons garage ltd. While on duty on Friday he challenged a customer Mr Alex Khan believing that he wanted to drive off without paying for the diesel. After a heated argument Mr Khan accused Mr Bridge of disrespect and threatened to report him to his manager.   In response the attendant hit him on the chin. Mr Khan has taken the case to court suing both the employee and his employer.
You have been approached by the manager for AB and Sons Garage ltd for advice as to whether the company is vicariously liable for the torts of Mr Bridge.

Assignment Guidelines:

Use a standard report structure, Word-process the report and use Normal script of a proper font size 12.
Produce an academic report, detailing the above issues with a word limit of 4000 to 4500 words.
Complete the title page and sign the statement of authenticity.
The Assignment sheet should be attached in the front.
Submit the document in a folder in the form of a file as well as a soft copy on the submission date.
It should be uploaded on E-Learning platform before the deadline and submitted to -------- and sign the submission form of the college.
Assignments submitted after the deadline will not be accepted unless mitigating and may be entitled for a late fee.
Collusion and Plagiarism must be avoided.
Start each answer on a new page and pages should be numbered. Highlight each question clearly.
Include a Bibliography at the end of the assignment and use the Harvard referencing system.
All work should be comprehensively referenced and all sources must be fully acknowledged, such as books and journals, websites (include the date of visit), etc.
Try to give the page numbers, publishers' details and the year of publication
In order to pass you need to address all the LO
In order to get a merit you need to address the characteristics of Pass and then M1, M2,M3
In order to get a Distinction you need to address the characteristics of Pass, Merit and then D1, D2 and D3. Use a common format for the questions, for example:
Introduction (analyze the question.)
Underpinning Knowledge (write about the relevant theory/points)
Applied knowledge(Data Analysis)
Conclusions and Recommendations (summarizing the whole scenario keeping in view pass, merit, distinction criteria.)

Student feedback form with the Assessment Grid indicating their pass, merit and distinction:
Name: Registration Number:
Unit: 5: Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business

Outcomes/criteria:	Indicative characteristics	Possible evidence	Feedback
P1. Understand the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context P2. Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations P3 Understanding the principles of liability in negligence in business activities P4. Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations	As per the assessment criteria specified for pass Do Do Do	Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4
Merit Description:
M. Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions.	. Relevant theories and techniques have been applied.
	. Effective judgments have been made.
	. Complex problems with more than one variable have been explored.
	. An effective approach to study and research has been used.
M2. Select/ design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques.	. A range of methods and techniques has been applied.
	. A range of sources of information used.
	. The selection of methods and techniques justified.
	. Complex information/data have been synthesized and processed.
	.Appropriate learning methods/ techniques applied.
M3. Present and communicate appropriate findings.	. Appropriate structure and approach has been used.
	. Logical and coherent arguments have been presented
	. Technical language accurately used.
	. A range of methods of presentation has been used.
	. Familiar and unfamiliar contexts have been used.
	. It is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences.
Distinction Description:
D1. Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusion.	. Synthesis has been used to generate and justify valid conclusions
	. The validity of results has been judged
	. Self-criticism of approach has taken place.
	. Evaluation has taken place using defined criteria
	. Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics for success.
D2. Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities.	Autonomy/independence demonstrated
	Substantial activities/projects or investigations have been planned, managed and organized.
	The unforeseen has been accommodated.
	The importance of interdependence has been recognized.
D3. Demonstrate convergent, lateral and creative thinking	Ideas generate and decisions taken
	Convergent and lateral thinking have been applied
	Capacity for innovation and creative thought has been used.
	Receptiveness to new ideas has demonstrated.
	Unfamiliar contexts have been applied.

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Unit 5–Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business