C Programming Assignment Help

IMPORTANT INFORMATION:

Please activate your my Unisa and my Life email addresses and ensure you have regular access to the my Unisa module site COS1512-2015-S1 or COS1512- 2015-S2 as well as your e-tutor group site.

Note: This is a blended online module, and therefore your module is available on myUnisa. However, in order to support you in your learning process, you will also receive some study materials in printed format. Please visit the COS1512 course website on myUnisa at least twice a week.

 

Please note / important note: COS1512 is a semester module. You need AT LEAST eight hours per week for this module.

If you do not receive your study material immediately after registration, you have to download it from myUnisa so that you are able to start IMMEDIATELY with your studies. See section 5.2 in this tutorial letter for details about the downloading of study material.

To gain admission to the examination you have to submit Assignment 1 in time. The due date is 23 February if you are registered for the first semester and 11 August if you are registered for the second semester.

The COSALLF/301/0/2015 tutorial letter contains important general information that you will need during the year such as the names and contact details of lecturers assigned to the different modules.

 

INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME

Dear Student

Welcome to COS1512. We hope that you will find this module interesting and stimulating and that you will increase your knowledge about and your skills in programming in C++. We shall do our best to make your study of this module successful. In order to succeed with your studies, you need to start studying immediately and do the assignments properly.

This Tutorial Letter 101 contains important information about the scheme of work, resources and assignments for this module. We urge you to read it carefully and to keep it at hand when working through the study material, preparing the assignments, preparing for the examination and addressing questions to your lecturers.

Please read Tutorial Letter 301 and the myStudies@Unisa brochure in combination with Tutorial, Letter 101 as it gives you an idea of generally important information when studying at a distance university and within a particular College.

In Tutorial Letter 101, you will find the assignments and assessment criteria as well as instructions on the preparation and submission of the assignments. This tutorial letter also provides all the information you need with regard to the prescribed study material and other resources and how to obtain it. Please study this information carefully and make sure that you obtain the prescribed material as soon as possible.

We have also included certain general and administrative information about this module.

Please study this section of the tutorial letter carefully.

Because this is a blended online module, you need to use myUnisa to study and complete the learning activities for this course. You need to visit the website on myUnisa for COS1511 frequently. The website for COS1512 for the first semester is COS1512-15-S1 and for thesecond semester it is COS1512-15-S2.

We hope that you will enjoy this module and wish you all the best!

1.1To get started…

Because this is a blended online module, you need to go online to see your study materials and read what to do for the module. Go to the my Unisa website here: https://my.unisa.ac.za and login with your student number and password. You will see COS1512-15-S1 (for the first semester) or COS1512-15-S2 (for the second semester) in the row of modules in the orange blocks across the top of the webpage. Remember to also check in the -more- tab if you cannot find it in the orange blocks. Click on the module you want to open.

In addition, you will receive this tutorial letter and a printed copy of the online study materials from your module. While these printed materials may appear to be different from the online study materials, they are exactly the same and have been copied from the online myUnisa website.

1.1.1 About my Unisa

myUnisa is the student website that allows you to connect with your lecturers, e-tutors and fellow students, download your study material, submit assignments, gain access to the Library and various learning resources and participate in online discussion forums.

We also use myUnisa for announcements, and to deliver additional study material. Please join myUnisa and visit the COS1512 course website regularly.

1.2Tutorial Matter

The tutorial matter for this module consists of the following:

• This tutorial letter, COS1512/101/3/2015;
• Tutorial letter COSALLF/301/4/2015;
• A CD containing the prescribed C++ software (Disk2015);
• Additional tutorial letters, containing additional information or solutions to assignments.

When you register, you will receive an inventory letter containing information about your tutorial matter. See also the brochure entitled myStudies@Unisa, (which you received with your tutorial matter). Check the study material that you have received against the inventory letter. You should have received all the items listed in the inventory, unless there is a statement like

“out of stock” or “not available”. If any item is missing, follow the instructions on the back of the inventory letter without delay.

Some of this study material may not have been available when you registered. Study material that was not available when you registered will be posted to you as soon as possible, but is also available on myUnisa.

Please do not contact the School about missing tutorial matter, cancellation of a module, payments, enquiries about the registration of assignments, and so on, but rather the relevant department as indicated in the myStudies@Unisa brochure. The School should only be contacted about academic matters.

If you have not received all of the above mentioned tutorial matter, please contact our DESPATCH DEPARTMENT, using the contact details as given in the My Studies @ Unisabrochure. In the meantime, please download the study material from myUnisa.

All information that is made available electronically in the form of tutorial letters will also be sent to you on paper (except in a very few rare cases). Note that the determining information comes from the paper documents that you receive. If there is any conflict re for example, dates, prices, times, due dates, assignment numbers, et cetera, refer to the information published on paper or announcements on myUnisa, unless otherwise instructed.

2 OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE COS1512

2.1 Purpose

COS1512 is one of a number of first-year Computer Science modules offered by the School of Computing at Unisa.

COS1512 focuses on providing an introduction to objects and the object-oriented programming environment using C++ as programming language. The following topics are covered:

• • File I/O streams as an introduction to objects and classes;
• • Using pre-defined classes such as string and vector;
• • C Strings, pointers and dynamic arrays;
• • ADTs (i.e. user-defined classes including the functions and operators for these classes as well as separate compilation);
• • Recursion;
• • Single inheritance, and
• • Function and class templates.

The paragraphs below show where COS1512 fits into the programming modules offered by the School of Computing:

COS1511 deals with the basic concepts of programming, using the programming language C++.

It is aimed at students who have not done any programming before. It is a pre-requisite for COS1512.

COS1512 introduces the learner to objects and the object-oriented programming environment. COS1521 provides a general background to computer systems.

INF1511 is an introductory course in Delphi programming.

COS1501 introduces the mathematics relevant to Computer Science.

2.2 Outcomes

Once you have completed this module, you should have reached the following outcomes:

Outcome 1:

You should be able to design a logical solution to a simple programming problem, making appropriate assumptions.

Assessment criteria:

• •Through assignments, including multiple choice and written assignments and an examination at the end of the semester, you are assessed on your ability to:
• •Interpret a problem description which specifies the requirements of a program;
• •Identify all steps necessary to solve a problem and order the steps in the correct logical sequence;
• •Write down the logical sequence of operations that a computer should perform to solve a particular problem;
• •Apply object-oriented principles during problem solving.

Outcome 2:

You should be able to write C++ program code, demonstrating the principles of good programming style.

Assessment criteria:

Through assignments, including multiple choice and written assignments and an examination at the end of the semester, you are assessed on your ability to:

• • Use the different C++ programming constructs appropriately and correctly, in order to implement a solution to a programming problem;
• • Write functions and use them in a program;
• • Define classes and use object-oriented principles to implement programming problems;
• •Recognise/locate errors in a program and correct them.

Outcome 3:

You should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the theory underlying the basic programming concepts.

Assessment criteria:

Through assignments, including multiple choice and written assignments and an examination at the end of the semester, you are assessed on your ability to:

• •Explain the purpose of a particular C++ programming construct and identify problem descriptions where they are applicable;
• •Define relevant programming concepts.

The specific learning objectives for each chapter in the prescribed book for COS1512 in order to reach the above learning outcomes are given in more detail in the study guide included in Appendix D of this tutorial letter.

3 LECTURER AND CONTACT DETAILS

3.1Lecturer

If you experience problems with this subject or have any other enquiry about it, please feel free to contact the lecturers. The names and telephone numbers of your lecturers for this module, as well as the module e-mail address you can use for any queries regarding this module, are supplied in tutorial letter COSALLF/301/0/2015.

Email: Email is a convenient and the most effective way of communicating with a lecturer.

Students registered for the first semester should send e-mail queries to COS1512-15-S1@unisa.ac.za

and students registered for the second semester should send e-mail queries toCOS1512-15-S2@unisa.ac.za.

Do not email the lecturer directly - rather use the module email address, as a specific lecturer may not be available. Using the module email ensures someone will read it. Include the module code and your student number in the subject header of the message. Ask specific questions. It is difficult to respond properly via email to a request such as 'I don't understand problem 5.1.

Please explain.' Always state exactly what it is that you do not understand.

Phone us: You are welcome to phone us directly, but please consult your tutorial letters and the myUnisa discussion forum to ensure that your query has not already been addressed. We are sometimes unavailable due to other departmental, research or university duties. If you fail to reach us directly, please phone the secretary. In urgent cases you may also leave a message at a secretary for us to call you back. The best contact hours are between 9:00 and 13:00 in the mornings, except Wednesdays when we have our departmental meetings.

3.2 Department

Please note that the School of Computing has moved to Florida in 2013. The School of

Computing can be contacted telephonically at 011 670 9200 or via e-mail with the e-mailaddress computing@unisa.ac.za. Should you be unable to reach any of the lecturers for COS1512, please leave a message and your contact details with one of the secretaries, who can be contacted via the number given above. Remember to include the module code and your student number with the message.

3.3University

Lecturers for this module are only responsible for content-related queries about the study material used for COS1512.

If you need to contact the University about matters not related to the content of this module, please consult the publication myStudies@Unisa that you received with your study material.

This brochure contains information on how to contact the University (e.g. to whom you can write for different queries, important telephone and fax numbers, addresses and details of the times certain facilities are open).

NB: Always have your student number at hand when you contact the University.

4 MODULE RELATED RESOURCES

4.1Joining myUnisa

If you have access to a computer that is linked to the internet, you can quickly access resources and information at the University. The myUnisa learning management system is Unisa's online campus that will help you to communicate with your lecturers, with other students and with the administrative departments of Unisa – all through the computer and the internet.

You can start at the main Unisa website, http://www.unisa.ac.za, and then click on the my Unisaorange block. This will take you to the myUnisa website. To go to the my Unisa website directly, go to https://my.unisa.ac.za. When you are on the my Unisa website, click on the “Claim UNISA

Login” at the right-hand side of the screen. You will then be prompted to give your student number to claim your initial my Unisa as well as my Life login details.

This module is presented following a blended approach in the sense that even though you will still receive some printed study material, most of the information needed to complete this module is available on myUnisa. myUnisa has inter alia the following tools which you will use regularly:

Assignments	This is a tool to manage your assignments; to submit, track and see
	marks obtained.
Official Study	All official study material are available under Official Study Material
Material
Additional	The Additional Resources tool contains a variety of resources related to
Resources	COS1512. For example the Code::Blocks software.
Course Contact	The Course Contact tool facilitates e-mail communication between
	students and lecturers. Students use their myLife e-mail to send e-mails
	to their lecturers through myUnisa.
Frequently Asked	Frequently asked questions, or FAQs, are listed questions and answers,
Questions	all supposed to be frequently asked in some context, and pertaining to a
	particular topic.
Learning Units	The Learning Units tool contains learning units/lessons for COS1512 and
	represents the weeks in your study programme. Please use the weekly
	Learning Units to guide you in your studies.

Please consult the publication myStudies@Unisa which you received with your study material for more information on my Unisa.

4.2Other resources – Printed support materials

Because we want you to be successful in this blended online module, we also provide you with some of the study materials in printed format. This will allow you to read the study materials, even if you are not online.

• •These printed study materials will be sent to you at the beginning of the semester, but you do not have to wait to receive them to start studying – You can go online as soon as you register and all your study materials will be there.
• •Therefore, the printed materials are not something that you need to wait for before you start with the module. It is only an offline copy of the formal content for the online module.
• •This will give you the chance to do a lot of the studying for this module WITHOUT going online. This will save you money, of course, and you will be able to take as much time as you need to read -- and to re-read -- the materials and do the activities.

It is therefore very important that you log into myUnisa regularly. We recommend that you should do this at least every week, and preferably twice a week, to check for the following:

• •Check for new Announcements. You can also set up your myLife email so that you receive the Announcement emails on your mobile device.
• •Do the Discussion forum activities. For every unit in this module, we want you to share with the other people in your group in the activities. You can read the instructions there, and even prepare your answers but you need to go online to post your messages.
• •Do other online activities. For some of the unit activities, you need to post something on the Blog or take a quiz or complete a survey in Self Assessment. Don't skip these activities because they will help you to complete the assignments and activities for the module.

We hope that this system will help you to succeed in this blended online module by giving you extra ways to study the materials and practice with all of the activities and assignments. At the same time, you MUST go online in order to complete the activities and assignments on time --and to get the most from the online course.

Remember, the printed support materials are a back-up to everything that is found online, on myUnisa. There are no extra things there. In other words, you should NOT wait for the

Printed support materials to arrive to start studying.

4.3 Prescribed books

The prescribed book for this module is:

Walter Savitch. Problem Solving with C++, 8th edition. Pearson International Edition: Addison- Wesley, 2012.

You may also use the 7th edition of the prescribed book.

You are expected to purchase your own copy of official booksellers, please consult the list of the prescribed book. For contact details of official booksellers and their addresses in myStudies@Unisa. If you have any difficulties with obtaining books from these bookshops, please contact vospresc@unisa.ac.za.

We will refer to the prescribed book as Savitch.

4.4Recommended books

You do not have to consult any other textbooks apart from Savitch. However, some of you may want to read more widely, and consult alternative references. The following useful books are available in the Unisa library. Please note that the library does not have multiple copies of these books and that only limited waiting lists are kept.

DS Malik. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis To Program Design. Course Technology, Thomson Learning, 2009.

HM Deitel and PJ Deitel. C++ How to Program. 8 th edition. Prentice Hall, 2008. John R. Hubbard. Programming with C++. 2 nd edition. Schaum’s Outlines, 2000.

4.5 Prescribed software

The prescribed software for this module is Code::Blocks 10.05. We will refer to the software as Code::Blocks. Code::Blocks includes the MinGW C++ compiler and an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), which we use to create program files. The prescribed software is provided on the CD Disk2015 that you should have received in your study package when you registered.

The Disk2015 contains instructions on how to install the software, and how to use the IDE to write, compile and execute your programs.

These instructions can be accessed from the file index.html on Disk2015. There are a number of ways to view this file. After inserting Disk2015 into the CD-ROM drive of your computer, do one of the following:

• •Click on Run... on the Start menu. In the dialog box that appears, type d:index.html and click on the OK button.
• •Double-click on the My Computer icon on your desktop. In the window that appears,double-click on the CD-ROM icon (D:). In the window that appears, double click on the file index.html.
• •Load Windows Explorer and locate index.html on the CD-ROM drive. Double click on this file.

After doing any one of the above, the file index.html should be loaded into Internet Explorer

(or whatever web browser is installed on your computer). Click on the link for COS1512 and follow the instructions.

If you did not receive Disk2015 upon registration, you should download the software immediately from myUnisa so that you are able to start with your studies at once. The software is available under Additional Resources on the COS1512 webpage.

4.6 MyUnisa Forum

Content-related queries should be posted on the COS1512 discussion forum on myUnisa rather than sent to the COS1512 e-mail address. In this way fellow students can also contribute and benefit. You can also contact the e-tutor to whom you are allocated with content-related queries (see section 5.1).

4.7 Tutorial letters

In addition to the Study Guide, the software and this tutorial letter, there will be other tutorial letters during the course of the semester. Some will provide additional information (Tutorial Letters 102, 103, etc.) whilst others will discuss Assignments 1 and 2 (Tutorial Letters 201 and 202). All tutorial letters will be available on myUnisa. Note also that the solutions to the self- assessment assignment - Assignment 3 - are available online on the COS1511 website.

You only receive a printed copy of this tutorial letter (tutorial letter 101). All subsequent tutorial letters are only available on myUnisa under Official Study Material.

4.8Additional Resources

Please check Additional Resources on myUnisa regularly for documents that will assist you if you have problems installing software, using the compiler, writing a program, etc. You will also find extra help for the examination there.

5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE MODULE

The Student Services Bureau of Unisa provides support for students in general academic matters, such as selecting appropriate modules, developing study skills, adapting to distance education, assistance for students with special needs or general difficulties with studies. See COSALLF/301/4/2015 and myStudies@Unisa for contact information. Your myStudies@Unisa brochure also contains other important information.

5.1E-Tutors

Unisa offers online tutorials (e-tutoring) to students registered for modules at NQF level 5 and 6, this means qualifying first year and second year modules.

Once you have been registered for a qualifying module, you will be allocated to a group of students with whom you will be interacting during the tuition period as well as an e-tutor who will be your tutorial facilitator. Thereafter you will receive an sms informing you about your group, the name of your e-tutor and instructions on how to log onto MyUnisa in order to receive further information on the e-tutoring process. If you login into myUnisa you will notice that your group site has been added there. Your tutor will be able to assist you there. For example, if you were allocated in group 4, the group site will be named COS1512-15-S1-4E. You can use the discussion forum to discuss module content issues with your tutor as well as with students belonging to that group. You will also find the contact details of your tutor. If you have content related problems (that is, problems with the material in your study guide that you do not understand), please contact your e-tutor.

Online tutorials are conducted by qualified E-Tutors who are appointed by Unisa and are offered free of charge. All you need to be able to participate in e-tutoring is a computer with internet connection. If you live close to a Unisa Regional Centre or a Telecentre contracted with Unisa, please feel free to visit any of these to access the internet. E-tutoring takes place on myUnisa where you are expected to connect with other students in your allocated group. It is the role of the e-tutor to guide you through your study material during this interaction process. For you to get the most out of online tutoring, you need to participate in the online discussions that the e- tutor will be facilitating. Please contact your e-tutor with all content–related queries.

There are modules which students have been found to repeatedly fail, these modules are allocated face-to-face tutors and tutorials for these modules take place at the Unisa regional centres. These tutorials are also offered free of charge, however, it is important for you to register at your nearest Unisa Regional Centre to secure attendance of these classes.

This module is furthermore part of the “Science Foundation Programme” – see more information in Additional Resources.

5.2 Downloading study material and software

One of the requirements for study at the School of Computing is to have regular internet access to access myUnisa and your myLife e-mails. You are therefore expected to download any study material from the Internet that, for whatever reason, is not available on paper in time. You may download it from myUnisa. The study material is updated regularly, thus you need to check the COS1512 website at least once a week on myUnisa.

Because COS1512 is a semester module, time is of the utmost importance. You should start studying the module immediately after registration. This tutorial letter, the Study Guide and the software are most important.

The Study Guide is available on myUnisa under Additional Resources. Please download it frommyUnisa. It is also incorporated in the Learning Units, which you should use to guide your studies week by week.

The software should also be downloaded from myUnisa under Additional Resources for COS1512, at once if you do not receive Disk2015 immediately after registration. Please note that it is not necessary to download the full contents of the CD. You need Code::Blocks only. You may copy it onto a memory stick and install it from there according to the instructions given on the COS1512 website.

When you want to use myUnisa for the first time, you have to register. Go to my.unisa.ac.za and click on “Join myUnisa”. Then follow the instructions on the screen. You will get a password for future use. We also suggest that you get your myLife email address as soon as possible. See the myStudies@Unisa brochure for instructions. The University communicates with you via this email address. You also get notified about important announcements for COS1512 via this email address. Please check your myLife email regularly.

5.3 Additional Resources on myUnisa

Apart from the Disk2015 content that is available on myUnisa under Additional Resources, you will find other resources such as old exam papers, extra examples of some programming constructs, etc.

5.4 Announcements on myUnisa

We urge you to access myUnisa on a regular basis. We put announcements on myUnisaregarding the module on a regular basis.

5.5 Installation of the software

Once you have access to a computer, you should install the software for this module on the computer. (If you will be using one of Unisa's computer laboratories, the software will already be installed). The software that you need for COS1512, namely a compiler and an IDE, are included on the CD-ROM disk that you should have received as part of your study package

(Disk2015). This disk also contains full instructions on how to install the compiler and IDE and how to start using them.

6 MODULE SPECIFIC STUDY PLAN

Use your myStudies@Unisa brochure for general time management and planning skills.

6.1Syllabus

In this module we cover the following chapters of Savitch:

Chapter	Sections covered
Chapter 1	1.1 and 1.2
Chapter 4	Only 4.6
Chapter 5	Only 5.5
Chapter 6	All sections
Chapter 8	8.1 and 8.3, plus the subsection Converting Between string Objects and C
	Strings, thus excluding 8.2 with the exception of the subsection Converting
	Between string Objects and C Strings
Chapter 9	All sections excluding the optional subsections in 9.2
Chapter 10	All sections
Chapter 11	All sections, plus Appendixes 7 and 8
Chapter 12	12.1 and only the first two pages of 12.2
Chapter 14	14.1 and 14.2, thus excluding 14.3
Chapter 15	Only 15.1, thus excluding 15.2 and 15.3
Chapter 17	All sections

Note that some of the sections (in Chapters 1, 4 and 5) are omitted, because they have already been covered in COS1511. The other sections that are omitted fall outside the scope of this module.

6.2Planning your academic year

In overview, the undergraduate academic year is as follows:

First semester			Second semester
26	January	Academic year begins	13	July	Academic year begins
23	February	First assignment due	11 August		First assignment due
7 April		Second assignment due	21	September	Second assignment due
May/June		Examinations	November		Examinations

To get going with your studies, do the following:

• •Read this tutorial letter (COS1512/101/3/2015) and Tutorial Letter COSALLF/301/4/2015.
• •Obtain a copy of the prescribed book.
• •Arrange for access to a computer.
• •Install the software, referring to Appendix A of this tutorial letter.

We provide two study programmers, one for students who registered for the first semester, and one for students who registered for the second semester. We recommend that you use the study programmes as a starting point. You will probably need to adapt this schedule, taking into account your other modules and your personal circumstances.

Study programme for first semester registration:

Week	Date (Monday)			Activity	Remark
1	26		Jan	Install software,	Do Questions 1 & 2 in Assignment 1
				Study sections in
				chapters 1, 4 and 5
2	2	Feb		Study chapter 6	Do Questions 3 & 4 in Assignment 1
3	9	Feb		Study chapter 9	Do Question 5 in Assignment 1
4	16		Feb	Complete	Due date 23 February
				assignment 1
5	23		Feb	Study chapter 10	Do Questions 1, 2 & 3 in Assignment 2
6	2	Mar
7	9	Mar		Study chapter 11	Do Question 4 in Assignment 2
8	16		Mar	Study chapter 12	Do Questions 5 and 6 in Assignment 2
9	23		Mar	Study chapter 15	Do Question 7 in Assignment 2
					Do Questions 1 & 2 in Assignment 3
10	30		Mar	Complete	Due date 7 April
				assignment 2
11	6	Apr		Study chapter 17	Do Questions 3, 4 & 5 in Assignment 3
12	13		Apr	Study chapter 8	Do Questions 6 & 7 in Assignment 3
13	20		Apr	Study chapter 14	Do Questions 8 in Assignment 3
14	27		Apr	Complete	Self-assessment
				assignment 3
15	4	May till exam		Revision	Study all tutorial matter, including
					solutions to assignments and material
					provided in Additional Resources. Do
					examination paper supplied in
					examination tutorial letter on paper.

14

					COS1512/101
Study programme for second semester registration:
Week	Date (Monday)		Activity		Remark
1	13	July	Install software,		Queries on software installation will only
			Study sections in		be answered up to 5 February
			chapters 1, 4 and 5		Do Questions 1 & 2 in Assignment 1
2	20	July	Study chapter 6		Do Questions 3 & 4 in Assignment 1
3	27	July	Study chapter 9		Do Question 5 in Assignment 1
4	3 Aug		Complete		Due date 11 August
			assignment 1
5	10	Aug	Study chapter 10		Do Questions 1, 2 & 3 in Assignment 2
6	17 Aug
7	24	Aug	Study chapter 11		Do Question 4 in Assignment 2
8	31	Aug	Study chapter 12		Do Questions 5 and 6 in Assignment 2
9	7 Sep		Study chapter 15		Do Question 7 in Assignment 2
					Do Questions 1 & 2 in Assignment 3
10	14	Sep	Complete		Due date 21 September
			assignment 2
11	21	Sep	Study chapter 17		Do Questions 3, 4 & 5 in Assignment 3
12	28	Sep	Study chapter 8		Do Questions 7 & 7 in Assignment 3
13	5 Oct		Study chapter 14		Do Questions 8 in Assignment 3
14	12	Oct	Complete		Self-assessment
			assignment 3
15	19	Oct	Revision		Study all tutorial matter, including
	till exam				solutions to assignments and material
					provided in Additional Resources. Do
					examination paper supplied in
					examination tutorial letter on paper.

6.3 Hints on studying this module

Study each chapter in the prescribed book by following these steps:

• •Read the corresponding discussion given in the Study Guide that can be downloaded from the COS1512 website on myUnisa under Additional resources. This discussion is also available in the Learning Unit for the week when you have to study the chapter.
• •Scan the chapter in Savitch to get an overview of what the chapter is about.
• •Read the chapter again, making sure that you process the information. Relate the text to the given program listings. You will sometimes have to read a little ahead or read a whole section to make meaningful sense of a program listing or discussion. Many students merely read the code and not the accompanying text that explains the code.
• •Remember to highlight or indicate all the words or phrases you think are key points the writer is making. You can use these and the headings to make your concept maps or summaries whichever you prefer.
• •Take the source listing of the sample programs in the textbook, type it into a text file, compile it and execute it. Observe the output produced. Some of the source listings of the examples can be found on the CD that you received with your textbook. Appendix B contains instructions on how to gain access to the source listings. The Learning Units also contain links to some of the source listings.
• •Do as many as possible of the self-check questions on a section as you study it. Answers to the self-check questions are available at the end of each chapter.
• •Answer the assignment questions on the chapter. Implement all programming questions on your computer.

It is important to realise that the process of learning how to program follows a learning curve: The more programs you write, the more proficient you will become. Remember that COS1512 has a large practical component and that it is essential to gain a lot of programming experience.

Programming modules also require much more time than other modules with no practical work. You will probably find that you need to work hard and consistently throughout the semester to develop the necessary programming skills. Plan to spend at least 8 hours per week on this module.

7 MODULE PRACTICAL WORK AND WORK INTEGRATED LEARNING

This module does not require any work integrated learning. However, all the assignments require extensive practical work on a computer. The examination is a purely written examination and does not involve doing any work on the computer. There are no compulsory separate practicals that students need to attend during the year.

All COS1512 students must have access to a computer running Windows. The computer must have a CD-ROM drive. Note that Windows XP is the default operating system supported by Unisa.

If you do not have a computer at home, gain access to one somewhere else, possibly at work, at a friend’s home, or at one of Unisa’s computer laboratories. The Unisa computer laboratories in Pretoria and at the regional offices are available to students for the practical work. You will receive a COSALL tutorial letter explaining where the laboratories are, the hours during which they are open and the booking procedure.

8 ASSESSMENT

8.1 Assessment plan

Assignments are seen as part of the learning material for this module. As you do the assignment, study the reading texts, consult other resources, discuss the work with fellow students or tutors or do research, you are actively engaged in learning. Looking at the assessment criteria given for each assignment will help you to understand what is required of you more clearly. The assessment criteria for each assignment correspond to a large extent to the learning outcomes specified in the Study Guide and Learning Units for the study material covered by the assignment.

Two sets of assignments for this year are given at the end of this tutorial letter. The first set of assignments have to be submitted by students registered for the first semester, and the second set of assignments have to be submitted by students registered for the second semester. The tutorial matter you have to master in order to complete each assignment appears in the study programme in Section 6 and at the start of each assignment. The Study Guide and Learning

Units contains details on each section.

Give yourself enough time to do the assignments properly, bearing in mind that a single session in front of the computer will not be sufficient to complete a programming task. We suggest that you do the assignment question(s) on a specific chapter as soon as you have studied it. This will allow you to master the study material and to start timeously with your assignments.

The time constraints under the semester system do not allow us to accept late assignments.

All the assignments require practical work, i.e. programs that you have to implement on your computer. Submit a printout of each program, as well as the input and corresponding output for the program. Assignments 1 and 2 have to be submitted by the due date. Assignment 3 is forself-assessment, i.e. you do not have to submit it to Unisa, but will ‘mark’ it yourself by comparing your attempt with the model solution.

You are required to submit your assignments electronically via my Unisa in PDF format. Please submit only one PDF file for an assignment. This PDF file should contain the source code as well as the input and the output produced by that source code for each question in the assignment. You will find a tutorial letter that shows you how to create your assignment as a PDF file so that you can submit it electronically as well as a video on how to create a PDF file for an assignment under Additional Resources on the COS1512 website on myUnisa.

Please note the following:

• •Submit only one copy of a specific assignment.
• •Each assignment has a unique number. Use the correct assignment number and unique number on myUnisa when submitting your assignments electronically.
• •Please make sure that the assignment you submit contains the correct content.
• •Please do not encrypt your assignment file or mark it as ‘Read only’.
• •Do not send assignments directly to any of the lecturers or to the COS1512 e-mailaddress.
• •Assignments must reach UNISA on or before the due date.
• •Check on myUnisa, or contact the Assignments Section to ensure that your assignment was received by UNISA.
• •All programs must be implemented on a computer. Hand-written programs will not be marked.
• •Copy your programs and output to one WORD document and convert it to PDF before you submit.
• •Use single spacing for the document that you submit.
• •Only PDF files will be accepted.
• •Assignments may not be submitted by fax or e-mail

For detailed information on how to submit assignments electronically, refer to the myStudies@Unisa brochure, which you received with your study package. Instructions on how to register to become a myUnisa user, are provided on the web site.

You will receive tutorial letters (201 and 202) discussing each assignment. The solution to assignment 3 is provided on the course website under Additional Resources. Work through the solutions and make sure that you understand them. When you receive your marked assignment back from Unisa, compare it to our solutions and make sure you understand the differences, and also why you lost marks. The assignments serve a very important learning function.

 

Therefore, even if you do not submit a particular assignment, you should still complete it and compare your solution to ours as part of your study programme.

We may mark only selected questions in the assignment and not the entire assignment.

However, as mentioned before, we discuss each assignment question in a detailed tutorial letter that you will receive after the due date.

When we mark assignments, we comment on your answers. Many students make the same mistakes and consequently we discuss general problems in the solutions to the assignments. As mentioned before, it is therefore, important to work through these tutorial letters and to make sure you understand our solutions and where you went wrong.

The marks you obtain for an assignment are converted to a percentage. If you for instance obtained 25 marks out of a possible 50 marks for Assignment 1, you received 50% for

Assignment 1. For Assignment 1 this percentage in turn contributes a weight of 20% to the year mark, and for Assignment 2 this percentage contributes a weight of 80% to the year mark.

You are welcome to work in small groups. However, every member of the group must write and submit his or her own individual assignment. Therefore, discuss the problem, find solutions, etc. in the group, but then do your own programming and submit your own effort. You will learn to program only if you sit down in front of the computer, type in the code, debug the program and get it to work. It is unacceptable for students to submit identical assignments on the basis that they worked together. That is copying (a form of plagiarism) and none of these assignments will be marked. It is dishonest to submit the work of someone else as your own, i.e. to commit plagiarism. Such unethical behaviour does not become our profession.

Assignment assessment and semester mark calculation: Your mark for this module is made up of a semester mark (20%) and an examination mark (80%). The final semester mark is calculated based on your performance in assignments throughout the semester. Therefore, assignments not only give you the opportunity to evaluate your understanding of the materials covered in the module, but also contribute towards your final mark.

The weights allocated to the assignments for COS1512 are summarized as follows:

Assignment number	Weight
1 (compulsory)	20%
2	80%
3	0% (self-assessment)

To explain how this will work, assume that a student receives 75% for assignment 1, and 80% for assignment 2. His/her year mark will then be calculated as follows:

	Mark		Contribution to semester mark
Assignment	received	Weight
	(Percentage)		Mark(%) * Weight(%)	Contribution
1	75%	20%	75/100 * 20/100	0.15
2	80%	80%	80/100*80/100	0.64
			Total:	0.79

When the total of 0.79 is converted to 20% of the final mark, it will be 15.8%, thus the student’s semester mark will be 15.8%. The examination will form the remaining 80% of the final mark for the module. Note that the semester mark will not form part of the final mark for the supplementary examination.

The following formula will be used to calculate your final semester mark:

Semester mark (out of 100) x 20% + Examination mark (out of 100) x 80%

8.2 General assignment numbers and submission dates

Assignments are numbered consecutively starting from 01 using Arabic numerals. The assignments are marked and a percentage is awarded according to your achievement. These assignments have a very important learning function. Please attempt (not necessarily submit) all assignments, and compare them to the solutions provided.

8.3 Unique assignment numbers

Assignment	Unique number
Assignment 1 Semester 1	588483
Assignment 2 Semester 1	588544
Assignment 1 Semester 2	588563
Assignment 2 Semester 2	588578

8.4 Due dates of Assignments

The table below gives the due dates of the assignments for this module. Do not submit assignment 3 - it is a self assessment assignment.

Assignment	Due Date Semester		Due Date		Semester	Weight
	1		2
01	23	February	11	August		20%
02	7 April		21	September		80%
03	27	Apr - do not submit	12	October	- do not	Self Assessment
			submit

Due to regulatory requirements (imposed by the Department of National Education) the following applies: To gain admission to the examination you have to submit Assignment 1 in time. The due date is 23 February if you are registered for the first semester and 11 August if you are registered for the second semester.

8.5Submission of assignments

Students may submit assignments either by post or Mobile MCQ submission on your cell phone or electronically via myUnisa. Assignments are not accepted via fax or email.

19

For detailed information and requirements as far as assignments are concerned, see myStudies@Unisa, which you received with your study package. Follow the instructions given in Tutorial Letter COSALLF/301/4/2015, as well as the brochure myStudies@Unisa, when submitting your assignments. The URL for myUnisa is: http://my.unisa.ac.za/. Instructions on how to register to become a myUnisa user, and how you should format your assignments before you submit them electronically, are given on the web site. The two most important things to remember are that your submission must consist of a single text file, and that you may submit an assignment only once. Also, for COS512 use single line spacing in the documents that you submit.

The process to submit an assignment via myUnisa is briefly described below:

• •Go to myUnisa at https://my.unisa.ac.za/.
• •Log on with your student number and password.
• •Choose the correct module (COS1512) in the orange block.
• •Click on assignments in the menu on the left-hand.
• •Click on the assignment number for the assignment that you want to submit.
• •Follow the instructions.

PLEASE NOTE: Assignments can be tracked (e.g. whether or not the University has received your assignment or the date on which an assignment was returned to you) on My Unisa.

8.6 Assignments

	FIRST SEMESTER ASSIGNMENTS
	ASSIGNMENT 1 (FIRST SEMESTER)
UNIQUE NUMBER	588483
DUE DATE:	23 February 2015
TUTORIAL MATTER:	Chapters 4 to 7 and 9 of the Study Guide
	Chapters 4 (section 4.6), 5 (section 5.5), 6
	and 9 (excluding the optional parts of section
	9.2) of Savitch
WEIGHT:	20%
EXTENSION:	None

Answer all the questions. Submit all the programs you are required to write, as well as the input and output of all programs.

Copy the programs and the required input and output to ONE word processor file with single line spacing and convert it to a PDF file before you submit it. See Additional Resources on My Unisa for instructions on how to create a PDF file.

WE DO NOT ACCEPT ANY MEMORY STICKS OR CDs.

Question 1

Write a C++ program to calculate the membership fees a company has to pay for its employees to join a particular organization. The program has two functions namely MemberFee() and PrintDetail(). Function MemberFee() calculates the cost of joining and PrintDetail() prints the details of the transaction. The company receives a percentage discount when a minimum of ten employees are joining the organization.

-MemberFee: This function should be overloaded. In the first instance, the function receives two parameters, the number of employees joining and the cost per member. The function returns the total cost due to the company for membership for all the employees. In the second instance, the function receives three parameters. These parameters are the number of employees joining, cost per member and the discount percentage. The function returns the total due to the company for membership for all the employees. The user should specify the discount percentage per member.

-PrintDetails: This function prints the details of the transaction. The details include the cost per member, number of employees that joined the organization and the total cost to the company. The function receives all the values that it is printing as parameters.

Question 2

Write a C++ program to validate if someone is allowed to vote or not. The person who is allowed to vote should be at least 18 years old. The program should use the assert function to validate that the year of birth is not equal to the current year and also that the year of birth entered is not greater than the current year. The program should instruct the user to enter the year of birth. Run your program twice, once with a year of birth that represent a person younger than 18 years; and the second time with a year of birth that represent a person older than 18 years or at least 18 years old. Submit the output for both runs together with your source code.

Question 3

Write a C++ program to read a list of numbers from a file called Number.dat into an array of a type double. Assume that there will be no more than 20 numbers in the file. After storing the numbers in an array, the numbers should be sorted in ascending order. The sorted numbers should be written one by one to a new file called SortedNumber.dat. Use the list of the numbers shown below to create the file Number.dat:

63

2

23

89

150

890

250

12

36

15

70

62

89

21

20

45

56

26

87

63

Hint: See chapter 7 in Savitch for an algorithm to sort an array. Submit both the input to the program, i.e. the contents of Number.dat, and the output, i.e. SortedNumber.dat, with the source code.

Question 4

To make phone numbers easier to remember, some companies use letters to show their phone numbers. For example, using letters, the telephone number 438 5626 can be shown as GET LOAN. In some cases, to make numbers more meaningful, companies may use more than seven letters. For example, 225 5466 can be displayed as CALL HOME, which uses eight letters.

Write a C++ program that reads a list of telephone numbers expressed in capital letters from a text file and converts the telephone numbers in capital letters, to the corresponding telephone numbers in digits. Each converted phone number should be displayed on the console in both formats, alphabetic and digital. At the same time, the program creates another file in which the telephone numbers appear in digital format, one number per line. Allow the user to specify the name of the input file, as well as the name of the output file.

Apply the following convention: If a number consists of more than seven letters, only the first seven letters are processed. A space is displayed between the third and fourth digits. Letters A,

B and C corresponds to digit 2; letters D, E and F to digit 3; letters G, H and I to digit 4; letters J, K and L to digit 5; letters M, N and O to digit 6; letters P, Q R and S to digit 7; letters T, U and V to digit 8; and letters W, X, Y and Z to digit 9. If any other character is encountered, a * is displayed.

The input file contains the following data, with one number per line:

CALL HOME

GET LOAN

Hi THERE BYE FOR NOW HELP ME PASS

For example, once the first number in the input file has been processed, the console window should display the following:

CALL HOME 225 5466.

The output file should now also contain the number:

225 5466

Question 5

(a)What is a pointer?

(b)What is a dereferencing operator?

(c) What is the difference between	p1=p2;
and	*p1 = *p2;

(d)What is a dynamic variable?

(e)What is the purpose of the new operator?

(f)What is the purpose of the delete operator?

(g)What is the freestore (also called the heap)?

(h)What is the difference between dynamic variables and automatic variables?

(i)What is a dynamic array?

(j)What is the advantage of using dynamic arrays?

(k)What is the relationship between pointers and arrays?

(l)Write statements to do the following:

i.Define a pointer type int_ptr for pointer variables that contain pointers to intvariables.

ii.Declare p1 to be a pointer to an int.

iii.Dynamically allocate an integer variable and store its address in p1.

iv.Assign the value 23 to the variable that p1 is pointing to.

v.Declare an int variable a.

vi.Let p1 point to a.

vii.Free the memory allocated to the variable that p1 is pointing to.

(m)Write statements to do the following:

i.Define a pointer type int_ptr for pointer variables that contain pointers to intvariables.

ii.Declare p2 to be a pointer to an int.

iii.Obtain an integer value nrElements from the user indicating the number of elements to allocate.

iv.Dynamically allocate an array of nrElements integers and store its address in p2.

v.Declare an int array a with 500 elements.

vi.Assume p2 has been initialized and copy the elements of p2 one by one to the corresponding elements in a.

vii.Free the memory allocated to the variable that p2 is pointing to.

(o)Provide the output of the following code:

#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main()

{

int value1 = 10; int value2 = 40;

int *ptr1 = &value1; int *ptr2 = &value2; ptr1 = ptr2;

cout << *ptr1 << endl; cout << *ptr2 << endl; return 0;

}

	COS1512/101
	ASSIGNMENT 2 (FIRST SEMESTER)
UNIQUE NUMBER	588544
DUE DATE:	7 April 2015
TUTORIAL MATTER:	Chapters 10, 11, 12 and 15 of the Study
	Guide (Appendix D)
	Chapters 10, 11, 12 (excluding “Creating a
	Namespace”) and 15 (only 15.1 “Inheritance
	basics”)
	Appendices 7 and 8 in Savitch
EXTENTION:	None
WEIGHT:	80%

Answer all the questions. Submit all the programs you are required to write, as well as the input and output of all programs.

Copy the programs and the required input and output to ONE word processor file with single line spacing and convert it to a PDF file before you submit it. See Additional Resources on MyUnisa for instructions on how to create a PDF file.

WE DO NOT ACCEPT ANY MEMORY STICKS OR CDs.

Question 1

Consider the following structure used to keep record of an address:

struct Address

{

string streetName; int streetNr; string city; string postalCode;

}

Turn the address struct into a class. The class should have member variables for all the values in the corresponding struct. Make all member variables private. Include publicmember functions for each of the following:

• •A default constructor that sets the string data members to blank strings and the street number to 0;
• •Member functions to set each of the member variables to a value given as an argument to the function (i.e. mutators);
• •Member functions to retrieve the data from each of the member variables (i.e. accessors);

Test the class in a program that instantiates an object of class Address (i.e. ‘declare’ an object of ‘type’ Address). The program should then input values for the object (obtained from the keyboard), and use the mutators to assign values to the member variables. Use the accessors to obtain the values of the member variables of the object and display those values on the screen. Test your program with the following input:

Input for member variables of Address object:

• Street name: Nelson Mandela St
• Street number: 543
• City: Soweto
• Postal code: 0192

Question 2 – a bit of theory and terminology

(a)What is the purpose of the keywords public and private in the class declaration?

(b)What is the difference between a class and an object?

(c)What does it mean to ‘instantiate’ an object?

(d)What is the purpose of a constructor?

(e)What is the difference between the default constructor and the overloaded constructor?

(f)What is the purpose of a destructor?

(g)What is the purpose of an accessor?

(h)What is the purpose of a mutator?

(i)What is the purpose of the scope resolution operator?

(j)What is the difference between the scope resolution operator and the dot operator?

(k)What is the difference between a member function and an ordinary function?

(l)What is an abstract data type (ADT)?

(m)How do we create an ADT?

(n)What are the advantages of using ADTs?

(o)What is separate compilation?

(p)What are the advantages of separate compilation?

(q)What is a derived class?

(r)What is the purpose of inheritance?

Question 3

3 (a) Consider the following class declaration:

class Employee

{

public: Employee ();

string getName(); private:

bool citizen(); string lastName; string firstName; string employeeNumber;

};

Explain what is wrong with the following code fragment:

int main()

{

Employee e;

……

string eNumber = e.employeeNumber; return 0;

}

3 (b) Consider the following class declaration:

class Employee

{

Employee (); string getName();

private:

bool citizen(); string lastName; string firstName; string employeeNumber;

};

Is the access to the accessor getName() public or private?

Question 4

Design and implement a C++ class called Module that handles information regarding your assignments for a specific module. Think of all the things you would want to do with such a class and write corresponding member functions for your Module class. Your class declaration should be well-documented so that users will know how to use it.

Write a main program that does the following:

•Declare an array of all your modules. The elements of the array must be of type Module.

•Initialise the array with the modules you are registered for. Initialise each module with the assignment marks you have obtained for the module.

•Determine your semester mark for each module: the first assignment contributes 30% and the second assignment 70%.

•Adjust the marks for Assignment 2 for COS1512 with +5%.

•Determine your semester mark for COS1512 again to see what effect the update had.

•Display a list of your semester marks for all the modules you are registered for.

Enrichment exercises:

(a)Turn your Module class into an ADT, so that separate files are used for the interface and implementation. Use separate compilation to compile the implementation separate from the application file that tests the ADT.

(b)Adapt the application program to use a vector instead of an array. It should not be necessary to change the class interface or implementation file in any way.

Question 5

Define a class Team as an ADT that uses separate files for the interface and the implementation. The class represents a team in the World Cup soccer tournament. This class has the following data members:

string country;		// the name	of the country for which this team
plays		// the round	in which the team currently plays
int round;	//
int points;		the points the	team has accumulated
int goalsFor;	//	the goals the team has scored
int goalsAgainst;		// the goals	scored against the team

The class should contain a default constructor that initializes country to "Country 0"; andround, points, goalsFor and goalsAgainst to 0. It should also contain an overloaded constructor that accepts five parameters to set the country, round, points, goalsFor andgoalsAgainst member variables to specified values. The destructor should output "Game Over".

Include accessor functions that return the values stored in each of the member variables of an object of class Team (i.e. get functions), as well as mutator functions to update each of the member variables of an object of class Team respectively (i.e. set functions with a parameter to set each member variable to a value specified by the parameter). The class should also contain a void member function called reset() that resets the member variables of a Team to values specified by parameters.

In addition the class also have member functions calcGoalDifference() and update().

Member function calcGoalDifference calculates the difference between the number of goal scored by the team and the number of goals scored against the team. Member functionupdate updates the points, goalsFor and goalsAgainst member variables by adding the function’s parameter values to the points for a team as well as to the goals scored by the team and against the team.

Overload the equality operator== as a friend function for class Team. This function returnstrue if both the points member variable and the goal difference of Team1 is identical to that of

Team2 and false otherwise. Use the following prototype:

bool operator==(const Team & Team1, const Team & Team2)

Overload the comparison operator > as a friend function for class Team. This function returnstrue if the points member variable of Team1 is bigger than that of Team2; or if the pointsmember variable of Team1 is equal to that of Team2 and the goal difference of Team1 is bigger

than that of Team2. Otherwise the function returns false. Use the following prototype: bool operator>(const Team & Team1, const Team & Team2)

Define an overloaded prefix operator ++ (implemented as a friend function) to return the current instance of the class Team after incrementing the round member variable by  Overload the stream extraction operator >> and the stream insertion operator << as friend functions for class Team. The stream insertion operator << should display the country, round, points, goals for and goals against the team, for a team.

Test your class by writing a program to do the following:

•Use the default constructor to instantiate objects opponent and new Opponent of class

Team.

•Use the overloaded constructor to instantiate an object home of class Team by initializing the country member variable to "South-Africa", the round member variable to 1, the points member variable to 4, the goalsFor member variable to 6 and thegoalsAgainst member variable to 4.

•Reset the opponent object to the following values: “Germany“ 1 4 6 4.

•Use the overloaded insertion operator << to display the values of the member variables of objects home and opponent.

•Use the overloaded equality operator == to determine whether home and opponenthas the same number of points and the same goal differences. If so, display a message “This is a tie!”. If it is not a tie, use the overloaded comparison operator > to determine which of home and opponent has the most points; and then increment theround member variable of the appropriate object (home or opponent) by using the overloaded prefix operator ++.

•Use the accessor functions to display the values of the country, points and rounddata members of both the home and opponent objects.

•Now use the overloaded stream extraction operator >> to obtain values for the member variables for newOpponent. Use the following values as input: country: “Spain”; round: 1; points: 7; goalsFor: 8; and goalsAgainst: 2.

•South-Africa has won the match against Spain with 2 goals against 0. Obtain the appropriate values from the user and update the points, goalsFor andgoalsAgainst member variables of South-Africa (home) and Spain (newOpponent)accordingly. A win counts 3 points and a loss 0.

•Once again, use the overloaded equality operator == to determine whether home andnewOpponent has the same number of points and the same goal differences. If so, display a message “This is a tie!”, otherwise use the overloaded comparison operator >to determine which of home and newOpponent has the most points; and then increment the round member variable of the appropriate object (home ornewOpponent) by using the overloaded prefix operator ++.

•Use the accessor functions to display the values of the country, points and round data members of both the home and new Opponent objects.

Enrichment exercise:

Overload the ++, > and == operators for objects of class Team as member functions. Use separate compilation and the same program as above to test these member functions.

Question 6

Define a class Voter as an ADT that uses separate files for the interface and the implementation. This class represents one voter voting in an election. This class has three member variables:

•ID, a string that holds the ID of the voter

•Nr_times_voted, an integer value that indicates the number of times the voter has voted in the past

•Voted, a Boolean value to indicate whether the voter has voted in the current election or not.

In addition, the class should contain a default constructor that initializes ID to an empty string,nr_times_voted to 0, and voted to false. It should also contain an overloaded constructor that creates a new voter and sets ID to a specified value, nr_times_voted to 0 and voted to false. The destructor should not perform any action.

Include accessor functions that returns the values stored in each of an object of class Voter’s member variables respectively, as well as a mutator function called set_voted() that sets the voted member variable of a Voter to true.

Overload the prefix increment operator++ (implemented as a friend function) to return the current instance of the class Voter after incrementing the nr_times_voted by 1. Use the Following prototype:

Voter operator++(Voter& V);

Overload the stream extraction operator >> (implemented as a friend function) so that it can be used to input values of type Voter. Overload the stream insertion << (implemented as afriend function) so that it can be used to output values of type Voter.

Demonstrate the class in an application program (main()) that is used to obtain a voter’s ID from the user, find the voter on the voters’ roll (kept in a file called VotersRoll.dat), check whether the voter has voted in the current election, and if not, prints a note that allows him/her

to vote. If a voter has already voted, a message should indicate that the voter is not allowed to vote again. When the user votes, the operator++ is used to increment the number of times the voter has voted, and the set_voted() member function is used to indicate that the voter has now voted in the current election.

While the voter’s roll (file VotersRoll.dat) is processed, a new updated voters’ roll (another file called UpdatedVoters.dat) is created simultaneously. Take care to make sure that all the voters on the original voters’ roll also appear in the updated voters’ roll.

Test your program with the following data:

VotersRoll.dat:
19810102009	1	0
19792003008	2	0
19851010890	3	1
19900909897	2	0
19561812567	6	0
19682703345	7	1

Voters that want to vote:

19810102009

19792003008

19851010890

19561812567

19682703345

Question 7

Define a class Student with member variables for a student’s name, student number, address and degree. All of these member variables are strings. Add appropriate constructors and accessors for class Student and include the following member functions:

•A member function display_info()that overloads the stream insertion operator << to display the values of all the member variables of a student.

•A member function calcFee() to calculate the initial registration fee for a student. For undergraduate students the initial registration fee is R500 and for postgraduate students the initial registration fee is R600. All undergraduate student degrees begin with a ‘B’ which will allow you to determine whether a student is an undergraduate or postgraduate student.

(a)Implement class Student.

(b)Test class Student in a driver program that does the following:

•Instantiates an object of class Student, with the following details: name: Mary Mbeli student number: 12345678 address: Po Box 16, Pretoria, 0818 degree: BSc

•Use the accessor functions to display the specifications of the instantiated object on the console

•Display the specifications of the instantiated object on the console with the member function display_info().

•Calculate and display the fee for the student.

(c)Derive and implement a class PostgradStd from class Student. This class has an additional member variable, dissertation (the title of the Masters of doctorate the student is doing). Class PostgradStd also has an overloaded constructor and an accessor member to return the member variable dissertation. The class

PostgradStd should override function display_info() in order to display the values of all the member variables of PostgradStd. The class PostgradStd should also override function calcFee() to determine the additional fee for a postgraduate student which is R12000.

Implement the overloaded constructor for the class PostgradStd by invoking the base class constructor.

(d)Test class PostgradStd in a driver program that does the following:

•Instantiates an object of class PostgradStd, with the following details: name: Mary Mbeli student number: 12345678 address: Po Box 16, Pretoria, 0818 degree: PhD dissertation: How to get a PhD

•use the accessor functions to display the specifications of the instantiated object on the console

•display the specifications of the instantiated object on the console with the member function display_info().

•calculate and display the outstanding fee for the student.

	SECOND SEMESTER ASSIGNMENTS
	ASSIGNMENT 1 (SECOND SEMESTER)
UNIQUE NUMBER	588563
DUE DATE:	11 August 2015
TUTORIAL MATTER:	Chapters 4 to 7 and 9 of the Study Guide
	Chapters 4 (section 4.6), 5 (section 5.5), 6,
	and 9 (excluding the optional parts of section
	9.2) of Savitch
WEIGHT:	20%
EXTENSION:	None

Answer all the questions. Submit all the programs you are required to write, as well as the input and output of all programs.

Copy the programs and the required input and output to ONE word processor file with single line spacing and convert it to a PDF file before you submit it. See Additional Resources on MyUnisa for instructions on how to create a PDF file.

WE DO NOT ACCEPT ANY MEMORY STICKS OR CDs.

Question 1

Write a program to determine the weekly pay for an employee. The program should use two overloaded functions, each named calcWeeklyPay, to determine the weekly pay for an employee. Salaried employees receive their annual salary divided by 52 (the number of weeks per year) per week, while hourly paid employees receive the hourly pay-rate multiplied by the number of hours worked during the week. One of the overloaded functions should accept the annual salary as argument, while the other function accepts arguments for the hourly rate and the number of hours worked during the week. Both functions should return the weekly pay for the employee.

Question 2

Write a C++ program to validate whether a matric student qualify to register for the BSc

Computer Science degree. The student qualifies if he or she is has achieved a minimum of 60% in Mathematics, Physical Science and English. The program should use the assert function to validate that the marks of the students are not more than 100%. The program should then display a message to inform the student whether he qualifies or not. Run your program twice, once to test it with marks for Mathematics, Physical Science and English less than or equal to 100%; and the second time testing it with one of the marks for Mathematics, Physical Science and English more than 100%. Submit the output for both runs.

Question 3

Write a C++ program that the Traffic Department can use when the owner of a car pays all his outstanding road fines. The Traffic Department has a file called Fines.dat that keeps the registration number and the road fine due for each traffic offence, one per line.

Your program should request the registration number from the user, read the contents of file

Fines.dat (shown below) line by line; if the road fine matches the registration number, display the fine and calculate the total amount due for that registration number. At the same time all the remaining registration numbers and road fines should be written to a new file called

OutStanding Fines.dat.

Run your program to calculate the road fines owed by a car with registration number ABC123.

Fines.dat:

ABC123 400

DEC234 340

ABC123 500

GED345 600

ABC123 240

GEE600 120

GED345 230

GEE600 470

ABC123 120

Sample output:

Please enter registration number: ABC123

Fines:

R400.00

R500.00

R240.00

R120.00

Total fine due R1260.00

Process returned	0 (0x0)	execution time : 4.309 s
Press any key to	continue.

Question 4

Hector is in grade 3 and likes a girl in his class, Julia, very much. He has written a letter to her, but he needs you to help him to encode the letter, so that if someone in the class gets hold of it, they won’t be able to understand it. Write a program that reads an input file with the letter character by character. Change the following characters:

t (or T) gets changed to	1Y
h (or H) gets changed to	1O
j (or J) gets changed to	1X
d (or D) gets changed to	1B
a (or A) gets changed to	1S
p (or P) gets changed to	1M
I (or I) gets changed to	1Q

The rest of the characters remain the same. Read the file character by character, and write the character (if it stays the same) to the output file, or write the changed version to the output file. Call your output file encode.txt.

Create an input file called letter.txt with Hector’s letter:

Dear Julia,

You are the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. I was wondering if you would like to come and visit me. My mother will make us pancakes with ice cream. My dog, Bella, just had three beautiful

puppies. Mom says I may only keep one of	them. I would like you	to
help me choose one, because they are all	so cute and adorable.	And

just because you are my special friend, you may also have one if you want.

Your friend, Hector.

Question 5

(b)What is a pointer?

(b)What is a dereferencing operator?

(c) What is the difference between	p1=p2;
and	*p1 = *p2;

(d)What is a dynamic variable?

(e)What is the purpose of the new operator?

(f)What is the purpose of the delete operator?

(g)What is the freestore (also called the heap)?

(h)What is the difference between dynamic variables and automatic variables?

(i)What is a dynamic array?

(j)What is the advantage of using dynamic arrays?

(k)What is the relationship between pointers and arrays?

(l)Write statements to do the following:

i.Define a pointer type int_ptr for pointer variables that contain pointers to intvariables.

ii.Declare p1 to be a pointer to an int.

iii.Dynamically allocate an integer variable and store its address in p1.

iv.Assign the value 23 to the variable that p1 is pointing to.

v.Declare an int variable a.

vi.Let p1 point to a.

vii.Free the memory allocated to the variable that p1 is pointing to.

(m)Write statements to do the following:

i.Define a pointer type int_ptr for pointer variables that contain pointers to intvariables.

ii.Declare p2 to be a pointer to an int.

iii.Obtain an integer value nrElements from the user indicating the number of elements to allocate.

iv.Dynamically allocate an array of nrElements integers and store its address in p2.

v.Declare an int array a with 500 elements.

vi.Assume p2 has been initialized and copy the elements of p2 one by one to the corresponding elements in a.

vii.Free the memory allocated to the variable that p2 is pointing to.

(o)Provide the output of the following code:

#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main()

{

int value1 = 10; int value2 = 40;

int *ptr1 = &value1; int *ptr2 = &value2; ptr1 = ptr2;

cout << *ptr1 << endl; cout << *ptr2 << endl; return 0;

}

	ASSIGNMENT 2 (SECOND SEMESTER)
UNIQUE NUMBER	588578
DUE DATE:	21 September 2015
TUTORIAL MATTER:	Chapters 10, 11, 12 and 15 of the Study
	Guide (Appendix D)
	Chapters 10, 11, 12 (excluding “Creating a
	Namespace”) and 15 (only 15.1 “Inheritance
	basics”)
	Appendices 7 and 8 in Savitch
EXTENTION:	None
WEIGHT:	80%

Answer all the questions. Submit all the programs you are required to write, as well as the input and output of all programs.

Copy the programs and the required input and output to ONE word processor file with single line spacing and convert it to a PDF file before you submit it. See Additional Resources on MyUnisa for instructions on how to create a PDF file.

WE DO NOT ACCEPT ANY MEMORY STICKS OR CDs.

Question 1

Consider the following structure used to keep record of a module:

struct Module

{

string moduleName; string moduleCode; string lecturer; int nrStudents;

}

Turn the examination struct into a class. The class should have member variables for all the values in the corresponding struct. Make all member variables private. Include publicmember functions for each of the following:

•A default constructor that sets the string member variables to blank strings, and theint member variable to 0;

•An overloaded constructor that sets the member variables to specified values;

•Member functions to set each of the member variables to a value given as an argument to the function (i.e. mutators);

•Member functions to retrieve the data from each of the member variables (i.e. accessors);

Test the class in a program that instantiates an object of class Module (i.e. ‘declare’ an object of ‘type’ Module). The program should then input values for the object (obtained from the keyboard), and use the mutators to assign values to the member variables. Use the accessors to obtain the values of the member variables of the object and display those values on the screen. Test your program with the following input:

Input for member variables of Module object:

Module name: Introduction to Programming II

• Module code: COS1512
• Lecturer: Mrs Schoeman
• Number of students: 534

Question 2 – a bit of theory and terminology

(a)What is the purpose of the keywords public and private in the class declaration?

(b)What is the difference between a class and an object?

(c)What does it mean to ‘instantiate’ an object?

(d)What is the purpose of a constructor?

(e)What is the difference between the default constructor and the overloaded constructor?

(f)What is the purpose of a destructor?

(g)What is the purpose of an accessor?

(h)What is the purpose of a mutator?

(i)What is the purpose of the scope resolution operator?

(j)What is the difference between the scope resolution operator and the dot operator?

(k)What is the difference between a member function and an ordinary function?

(l)What is an abstract data type (ADT)?

(m)How do we create an ADT?

(n)What are the advantages of using ADTs?

(o)What is separate compilation?

(p)What are the advantages of separate compilation?

(q)What is a derived class?

(r)What is the purpose of inheritance?

Question 3

3 (a) Consider the following class declaration:

class Person

{

public:

Person();

string getName(); private:

bool citizen(); string lastName; string firstName; string phoneNumber;

};

Explain what is wrong with the following code fragment:

int main()

{

Person p;

……

string pNumber = p.phoneNumber; return 0;

}

3 (b) Consider the following class declaration:

class Person

{

Person();

string getName(); private:

bool citizen(); string lastName; string firstName; string phoneNumber;

};

Is the access to the accessor getName() public or private?

Question 4

Design and implement a C++ class called Assignment that handles information regarding one assignment. Think of all the things you would want to do with such a class and write corresponding member functions for your Assignment class. Your class declaration should bewell-documented so that users will know how to use it.

In a separate source file, write a main program that does the following:

•Declare an array of all your assignments. The elements of the array must be of type

Assignment.

 

•Initialise the array with the assignments you have submitted. Initialise each assignment with the module, and the date on which it was submitted.

•Display a list with the results of all the assignments you have done.

•Adjust the marks for Assignment 2 for COS1512 with +5%.

•Display the list of assignment results again to see the effect of the adjustment.

Enrichment Exercise:

(a)Turn your Assignment class into an ADT, so that separate files are used for the interface and implementation. Use separate compilation to compile the implementation separate from the application file that tests the ADT.

(b)Adapt the application program to use a vector instead of an array. It should not be necessary to change the class interface or implementation file in any way.

Question 5

Define a class RewardCard as an ADT that uses separate files for the interface and the implementation. The class represents a card on which members can earn points, which are in turn converted to vouchers. This class has four member variables:

•Name, a string that holds the name of the member

•Id, a string containing 6 digits to identify the member uniquely

•Store, a string representing the store for which this card is valid

•Points, an int representing the number of points that the member has earned.

The class should contain a default constructor that initializes name and store to an empty strings, id to a string containing six 0's and points to 0. It should also contain an overloaded constructor that initialises a new member’s name, ID and the store and sets points to 0. The destructor should not perform any action.

Include accessor functions that return the values stored in each of an object of classRewardCard’s member variables respectively (i.e. get functions), as well as mutator functions to update each of the member variables of an object of class RewardCard respectively (i.e.set functions with a parameter to set each member variable to a value specified by the parameter).

Overload the equality operator == as a friend function for class RewardCard. This function returns true if the name, id and store member variables of card1 is identical to those of card2 and false otherwise. Use the following prototype:

bool operator==(const RewardCard & card1, const RewardCard & card2)

Also overload the + and – operators for class RewardCard as friend functions. Operator +is used when a person uses the reward card to purchase goods. Operator + should add the values of the points member variables of two RewardCard objects if the name, id andstore member variables of the two RewardCard objects are identical. Operator + should return an object of type RewardCard with the same values for the name, id and storemember variables as the two operands. Use the equality operator == for RewardCard and theassert macro to check that the operands for the overloaded + operator are identical.

Similarly, operator – is used to determine the difference between points when a person returns goods that had earned points with the reward card. Operator - should subtract the values of the points member variables of two RewardCard objects if the name, id and storemember

variables of the two RewardCard objects are identical. Operator - should return an object of type RewardCard with the same values for the name, id and store member variables as the two operands. Again, use the equality operator == for RewardCard and the assertmacro to check that the operands for the overloaded – operator are identical.

Also define an overloaded prefix operator ++ (implemented as a friend function) to add bonus points to the card. Operator ++ should add 100 points to the points member variable of the

Reward Card object.

Overload the stream extraction operator >> and the stream insertion operator << as friend functions for class Reward Card. The stream insertion operator << should print a voucher for the object. The voucher should display the name, ID, store and an amount for which it can be traded at the relevant store, or a message in the case of insufficient points earned. Once a card has more than 500 points, the points can be converted to an amount for which it can be traded at the relevant store. 100 points is equal to R1.00. If a card has less than 500 points, the voucher will display the message "Sorry, this is not enough points yet for a voucher! Keep on

Buying". Use the following prototype:

ostream& operator << (ostream& outs, const RewardCard & RC)

Test your class with the following program:

#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include "Reward.h" using namespace std;

int main() { RewardCard ACard;

RewardCard MyCard("Hansie", "111111", "OurStore", 100); cout << "This is ACard: " << ACard << endl;

cout << "This is MyCard: "<< MyCard << endl;

//Setting ACard to a new value ACard.setName("Hansie"); ACard.setId("111111"); ACard.setStore("OurStore"); ACard.setPoints(0);

if (MyCard == ACard)

cout << "These cards are the same" << endl;

else cout << "These cards are not the same" << endl;

//Giving Hansie 200 bonus points ++MyCard;

++MyCard;

cout << "After giving Hansie 200 bonus points:" << endl; cout << MyCard << endl;

//Hansie has bought goods which earned 350 points

cout << "Enter details for purchase of goods with points value of "

<<"350 points:" << endl; cin >> ACard;

MyCard = MyCard + ACard;

cout << "Result after earning 350 points:" << endl << MyCard

<<endl;

41

//Hansie returned goods which has earned 100 points - this must now be //deducted

cout << "Enter details for return of goods with points value of "

<<"100 points:" << endl; cin >> ACard;

MyCard = MyCard - ACard;

cout << "Result after deducting 100 points:" << endl << MyCard

<<endl;

return 0;

}

Supply appropriate input values for the two input statements (cin >> ACard;) according to the comments in the program.

Enrichment Exercise:

Overload the +, - and ++ operators for objects of class RewardCard in question 4, as member functions. Use the same program as in question 3 to test these member functions.

Question 6

Define a class PhoneCall as an ADT that uses separate files for the interface and the implementation. This class represents a phone call and has three member variables:

•Number, a string that holds the phone number (consisting of 10 digits) to which a call is placed

•Length, an int representing the length of the call in minutes

•Rate, a float representing the rate charged per minute.

In addition, the class should contain a default constructor that initializes number to an empty string, length to 0 and rate to 0. It should also contain an overloaded constructor that accepts a new phone number and sets length and rate both to 0, as well as a destructor that does not perform any action.

Include accessor functions that returns the values stored in each of an object of classPhoneCall’s member variables respectively.

Class PhoneCall also contains a member function calcCharge() to determine the amount charged for the phone call. Use the following prototype:

float calcCharge();

Overload the equality operator== as a friend function to compare two phone calls. Use the following prototype:

bool operator==(const PhoneCall & call1, const PhoneCall & call2)

This function returns true if both call1 and call2 have been placed to the same number and false otherwise.

Overload the stream extraction operator >> (implemented as a friend function) so that it can be used to input values of type PhoneCall, and the stream insertion << (implemented as afriend function) so that it can be used to output values of type PhoneCall.

Demonstrate the class in an application program (main()) that is used to determine the total amount spend on phone calls to a specific phone number in one month. Allow the user to enter the phone number for which the total amount spent should be determined. Use the overloaded constructor to initialise the PhoneCall object theCall to the number the user specified. ThePhoneCall objects representing the calls made during one month is stored in a fileMyCalls.dat. Use a while loop to read the phone calls from MyCalls.dat, use the overloaded equality operator== to compare the phone numbers read from MyCalls.dat one by one with theCall, and determine the total amount spend on phone calls to theCall, as well as the number of calls made to this number. Also determine the longest call made totheCall and display this call together with the total amount spent on calls to theCall, and the number of calls to theCall.

Test your program with the following data:

Phone calls in file MyCalls.dat:

0123452347	12	3.50
0337698210	9	3.15
0214672341	2	1.75
0337698210	15	3.15
0442389132	8	1.75
0232189726	5	3.50
0124395623	6	3.50
0337698210	2	3.15
0337698210	5	3.15

Phone number to test:

0337698210

Question 7

Consider the following class:

class Package

{

public:

Package(double the_cost, double the_weight,

const string& the_sender, const string& the_receipient); double calculate_cost()const;//multiply weight by cost_per_kilogram string get_recipient() const;

string get_sender() const; protected:

double cost_per_kilogram; double weight;

private:

string sender; string recipient;

};

43

(a)Implement class Package.

(b)Test class Package in a driver program that does the following:

•instantiates an object of class Package, with the following details: sender: Charles Somerset

receiver: Anne Barnard cost per kilogram: 12.75 weight: 1.25

•use the accessor functions to display the names of the sender and receiver of the instantiated object on the console.

•Use the member function calculate_cost() to determine the cost of the package represented by the instantiated object. Display the calculated cost also on the console.

(c)Derive and implement a new class TwoDayPackage that inherits the functionality of the class Package. TwoDayPackage should redefine calculate_cost(), where a fixed fee is added to the weight-based cost. For example, a TwoDayPackage that has a weight of 10kg, a cost of R3.00 per kilogram and charged a fixed fee of R5.00 would cost R35.00 (10*3.00 + 5.00) to deliver. The class should include a member variable to represent the fixed fee. TwoDayPackage has an additional member function Print(), which outputs the cost_per_kilogram, weight, sender, recipient and the total cost of delivery of the package.

(d)Test class TwoDayPackage in a driver program that does the following:

•instantiates an object of class TwoDayPackage, with the following details:

sender: Charles Somerset receiver: Anne Barnard cost per kilogram: 12.75 weight: 1.25

•use the accessor functions to display the names of the sender and receiver of the instantiated object on the console.

•Use the member function calculate_cost() to determine the cost of the two_day_ package represented by the instantiated object, then display the calculated cost also on the console.

SELF ASSESSMENT ASSIGNMENT 3 (SEMESTER 1 AND SEMESTER 2)

TUTORIAL MATTER:	Chapters 8, 14, 15 and 17 of the Study Guide
	(Appendix D)
	Chapters 8, 14 (excluding section 14.3), 15
	(excluding sections 15.2 and 15.3) and 17 of
	Savitch
WEIGHT:	None

This assignment is for self-assessment. Do not submit this assignment. The solution to this assignment appears in Appendix C of this tutorial letter.

Question 1

Examine the code fragment below and answer the questions that follow:

1:#include <iostream>

2:using namespace std;

4://------------------------------------------

6:class A

7:{

8:private:

9:int x;

10:protected:

11:int getX();

12:public:

13:void setX();

14:};

15:

16:int A::getX()

17:{

18:return x;

19:}

20:

21:void A::setX()

22:{

23:x=10;

24:}

25:

26://----------------------------------------------

27:class B

28:{

29:private:

45

30:int y;

31:protected:

32:A objA;

33:int getY();

34:public:

35:void setY();

37:};

39:void B::setY()

40:{

41:y=24;

42:int a = objA.getX();

43:}

44:

45://----------------------------------------------

46:

47:class C: public A

48:{

49:protected:

50:int z;

51:public:

52:int getZ();

53:void setZ();

54:};

55:

56:int C::getZ()

57:{

58:return z;

59:}

60:

61:void C::setZ()

62:{

63:z=65;

64:}

Answer the following questions based on the code fragment given above:

(a)Is line 18 a valid access? Justify your answer.

(b)Is line 32 a valid statement? Justify your answer.

(c)Identify another invalid access statement in the code.

(d)Class C has public inheritance with the class A. Identify and list class C’s private,protected and public member variables resulting from the inheritance.

(e)If class C had protected inheritance with the class A, identify and list class C’sprivate, protected and public members variables resulting from the inheritance.

Question 2

Consider the class definitions below and answer the questions that follow:

class Date

{

public:

friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, const Date & d); Date(int y, int m, int d);

private:

int year, month, day;

};

class Publication

{

public:

Publication(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t);

Date GetDate( ) const; string GetPublisher( )const; string GetTitle() const;

private:

string publisher; Date date; string title;

};

(a)Implement the Date and the Publication classes.

(b)Code the interface of a derived class Book for which the Publication class is the base class. The Book class has two additional member variables representing the ISBNnumber and the author of a book. Furthermore, the Book class contains member functions getISBN( ) and getAuthor( ) that return the ISBN number and the author respectively. The declaration must also include a constructor for the class Book.

(c)Implement the Book class.

(d)Recode the following interface such that class Magazine, derives from class

Publication:

class Magazine

{

public:

Magazine(const string & p, const Date & d, int ipy); int GetIssuesPerYear( ) const;

Date getDate( ) const; string getPublisher( )const string GetTitle() const;

private:

int issuesPerYear; string publisher; Date date; string title;

};

(e)Implement the Magazine class.

(f)In a driver program embed code to do the following:

(i) Declare an object B of type Book, with the following details: publisher: FisherKing

date: 01/01/2000 title: Global Warming isbn : 123456789 author: Ann Miller

(ii)Output all the details of Book B.

(iii)Declare an object M of type Magazine, with the following details:

publisher: Blue Marlin date: 02/02/2005

title: The Earth and the Environment number of issues per year: 12

(iv)Output all the details of Magazine M.

(v)Write a statement to overload operator<< as a friend function to the class Bookand add the following implementation to your code:

ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, const Book & B)

{

out<<B.title<<endl;

out<<B.publisher<<endl;

out<<B.date<<endl;

out<<B.author<<endl;

out<<B.ISBN<<endl;

}

You should obtain the following compiler errors:

In function `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Book&)':

error: `std::string Publication::title' is private error: `std::string Publication::publisher' is private error: `Date Publication::date' is private

Suggest two ways to fix this compiler problem.

Question 3

Write a function template for a function that has parameters for a partially filled array and for a value of the base type of the array. If the value is in the partially filled array, then the function returns the index of the first indexed variable that contains the value. If the value is not in the array, the function returns -1. The base type of the array is a type parameter. Notice that you need two parameters to give the partially filled array: one for the array and one for the number of indexed variables used. Also write a suitable test program to test this function template.

Question 4

Write a template version of a search function for determining whether an array contains a particular value.

Question 5

Study the Matrix class interface and answer the questions that follow:

(Refer to the Notes at end of the question if you are unfamiliar with Matrices)

template<class Object> class Matrix

{

public:

Matrix( int row = 0, int col = 0 );

void SetValue(Object value, int r, int c); Object GetValue( int r, int c) const;

int GetRow() const; int GetCol() const;

void OutPut(ostream & out) const; private:

vector< vector<Object> > array; int rows;

int cols;

};

(a)Complete the implementation of the Matrix class where indicated:

template <class Object> Matrix<Object>::Matrix (int row, int col)

{rows = row; cols = col;

array.resize(row);

for (int r = 0; r < row; r++) array[r].resize(col);

}

//SetValue assigns row r and column c of the Matrix to value template <class Object>

void Matrix<Object>::SetValue(Object value, int r, int c)

{

//Complete code here

}

//GetValue returns the value in row r and col c of the Matrix template <class Object>

Object Matrix<Object>::GetValue( int r, int c) const

{

//Complete code here

}

//GetRow returns rows template<class Object>

int Matrix<Object>::GetRow() const

{

//Complete code here

}

//GetCol returns cols template<class Object>

int Matrix<Object>::GetCol() const

{

//Complete code here

}

//Outputs the matrix in a tabular format (see Notes for example) template <class Object>

void Matrix<Object>::OutPut(ostream & out) const

{

//Complete code here

}

//Operator+ is overloaded as a non-friend, non-member function. This

//function adds two Matrices (see Notes for example)
template<class	Object>	Matrix<Object>	&	x,	const
Matrix<Object>	operator+(const

Matrix<Object> & y)

{

//Complete code here

}

b)Test your implementation by coding a main function to perform the following:

(i)Declare three, 2 by 2 integer matrices, M1, M2, and M3;

(ii)Store the following values in M1:

(iii)Store the following values in M2:

(iv)Store the sum of M1 and M2 in M3 using operator+.

(v)Output all three matrices.

Notes:

In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular table of numbers or, more generally, a table consisting of abstract quantities that can be added and multiplied. For example, a 4 by 3 matrix is represented as:

6	6	6
5	3	2
3	1	2
2	7	9

Two matrices can be added if, and only if, they have the same dimensions. (That is, both matrices have matching numbers of rows and columns.) We define their sum by constructing a third matrix whose entries are the sum of the corresponding entries of the original two matrices.

For example:

4	3	4		2	2	1		6	5	5
1	2	3	+	1	3	2	=	2	5	5
2	2	1		3	4	5		5	6	6

Question 6

Write a program that inputs two C string variables, first and last, each of which the user should enter with his or her name. First, convert both C strings to lowercase. Your program should then create a new C string that contains the full name in pig latin with the first letter capitalized for the first and last name. The rules to convert a word into pig latin are as follows:

If the first letter is a consonant, move it to the end and add "ay" to the end.

If the first letter is a vowel, add "way to the end.

For example, if the user inputs "Erin" for the first name and "Jones" for the last name, then the program should create a new string with the text "Erinway Onesjay" and print it.

Question 7

(a) Write a sorting function that is similar to Display 7.12 in Chapter 7 in Savitch, except that it has an argument for a vector of ints rather than an array. This function will not need a parameter like number_used as in Display 7.12, since a vector can determine the number used with the member function size(). This sort function will have only this one parameter, which will be of a vector type. Use the selection sort algorithm (which was used in Display 7.12).

(b)Write a program that reads in a list of integers into a vector with base type int. Provide the facility to either read this vector from the keyboard or from a file, at the user's option. If the user chooses file input, the program should request a file name. The output is to be atwo-column list. The first column is a list of the distinct vector elements; the second column is a count of the number of occurrences of each element. The list should be sorted on entries in the first column, largest to smallest. Adapt the sorting function from (a) as necessary.

For example, for the input

-12 3 -12 4 1 1 -12 1 -1 1 2 3 4 2 3 -12

The output should be

N	Count
4	2
3	3
2	2
1	4
-1	1
-12	4

Question 8

Write a recursive function that returns the sum of the integers between any two integer numbers inclusive. For example if we want to calculate the sum of integers between the integer numbers 13 and 17 then the sum will be 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17 = 75. This recursive function will expect two integer parameters and will return a double.

9 EXAMINATIONS

A 2 hour examination will be scheduled for this module. Please refer to the my Studies @ Unisabrochure for general examination guidelines and examination preparation guidelines.

10 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What if I cannot find the prescribed book?

Do not contact the lecturers if you have problems obtaining the textbook. If you have any difficulties with obtaining books from the official booksellers bookshops, please contactvospresc@unisa.ac.za.

You can also buy an e-book version of Savitch at www.coursesmart.com.

What if I fail to submit my assignment on time?

A grace period is allowed for submission difficulties via MyUnisa. If the MyUnisa system is down when you try to submit an assignment, do not contact the lecturers. Wait until the problem has been solved and submit as soon as possible. We are usually aware of the problems with MyUnisa. If you submit late for any other reason, include a note with the assignment with the reasons for the late submission. No assignment will be marked (i.e. a mark of ZERO will be awarded) after the solutions for the particular assignment have been published. This is usually a week or two after the due date.

How do I request an extension? (Do not!)

Please do not phone, fax or email for an extension. Submit the assignment as soon as possible, and include a note of explanation.

What if there are mistakes in the marking of assignments? (Do NOT re-submit to Assignments Department!)

We use a team of external markers that are sub-contracted for the purpose of marking assignments during the year. There are close to 500 students enrolled for the module. For this reason, inconsistency in the marking style of individual markers may be encountered. We request that students only query assignment marking where the marks will change significantly (i.e. more than 5%). Please follow the RE-MAIL PROCEDURE below should you require that an assignment be remarked. If your marks are added incorrectly or a question is not marked which we stated (in the solutions) was to be marked, or you feel strongly that you were penalised unfairly, follow the procedure below. If you phone we will just tell you to follow the RE-MAILPROCEDURE.

The RE-MAIL procedure:

Scan your marked assignment and attach it to an e-mail, addressed to the module email, TOGETHER WITH A MESSAGE stating your marking dilemma with the specified questions of the assignment.

What if I don't receive my study material or I lose it?

All study material is downloadable from myUnisa web site for COS1512. Please download electronic copies (PDF files) of tutorial letters and the study guide from Official Study Material, and the CD from Additional Resources.

 

May I send my assignment by email?

No. Assignments have to be registered. Students may submit assignments either by post or Mobile MCQ submission or electronically via myUnisa. Assignments are not accepted via fax ore-mail.

Have we received your assignment?

If you want to find out whether an assignment has been received by Unisa, marked or returned, look at the status of your assignment on MyUnisa.

11 CONCLUSION

Do not hesitate to contact your lecturer or e-tutor by email if you are experiencing problems with the content of this tutorial letter or any aspect of the module.

I wish you a fascinating and satisfying journey through the learning material and trust that you will complete the module successfully.

Enjoy the journey! COS1511 Team

54

COS1512/101

12 APPENDIX A: THE SOFTWARE FOR COS1512

1. Creating a project Starting a new project

Launch the Project Wizard through File->New->Project. From the pre-configured templates for various types of projects, select Console application and click Go.

The console application wizard will appear next. Continue through the menus, selecting C++when prompted for a language. In the next screen, give the project a name and type or select a destination folder. As seen below, Code::Blocks will generate the remaining entries from these two.

 

 

Finally, the wizard will ask if this project should use the default compiler (normally GCC) and the two default builds: Debug and Release. All of these settings are fine. Press finish and the project will be generated. The main window will turn gray, but that is not a problem, the source file needs only to be opened. In the Projects tab of the Management panel on the left expand the folders and double click on the source file main.cpp to open it in the editor.

This file contains the following standard code.main.cpp

1. #include <iostream>

3. usingnamespacestd;

5.int main()

6.{

7.cout<<"Hello world!"<<endl;

8.return0;

9.}

56

COS1512/101

Adding a file to your project

To add the new file to the project, bring up the file template wizard through either File->New-

>File... or Main Toolbar->New file (button)->File...

Select C/C++ source and click Go. Continue through the menus, same as what you have done before. The last menu will present you with several options. Enter the new filename and location (as noted, the full path is required). You can browse for the file by clicking the browse button (see below) to display the file browser window to save the file's location. Checking Add file to active project will store the filename in the Sources folder of the Projects tab of theManagement panel. Checking any of the build targets will alert Code::Blocks that the file should be compiled and linked into the selected target(s). click Finish to generate the file.

Browse button

The newly created file should open automatically; if it does not, open it by double clicking on its file in the Projects tab of the Management panel. You can now add code to the new file. Be careful not to save your files with .c extension (this is not a C++ extension).

Adding a pre-existing file

Copy an existing file to your project folder or launch a plain text editor (for example Notepad), and add the following code.

Interface.h

1.#ifndef INTERFACE_H_INCLUDED

2.#define INTERFACE_H_INCLUDED

4. void hello();

5.

6. #endif // INTERFACE_H_INCLUDED

Save this file as a header (Interface.h) in the same directory as the other source files in this project. Back in Code::Blocks, click Project->Add files... to open a file browser. Here you may select one or multiple files (using combinations of Ctrl and Shift). (The option Project->Add files recursively... will search through all the subdirectories in the given folder, selecting the relevant files for inclusion.) Select Interface.h, and click Open to bring up a dialog requesting to which build targets the file(s) should belong. For this example, select both targets.

Note: if the current project has only one build target, this dialog will be skipped.

Returning to the main source (main.cpp) include the header file and replace the cout function to match the new setup of the project.

main.cpp

1. #include "Interface.h"

2.

3.int main()

4.{

5.hello();

6.return0;

7.}

Press Ctrl-F9 or File->Build, orCompiler Toolbar->Build (button - the gear) to compile the project. If the following output is generated in the build log (in the bottom panel) then all steps were followed correctly.

-------------- Build: Debug in MyFirst Project ---------------

Compiling: main.cpp

Linking console executable: bin\Debug\MyFirst Project.exe Output size is 913.10 KB

Process terminated with status 0 (0 minutes, 1 seconds) 0 errors, 0 warnings

You can now “run” the project by either clicking the Run button or hitting Ctrl-F10.

Note: the option F9 (for build and run) combines these commands, and may be more useful in some situations.

Removing a file

You can remove a file by simply right-clicking on the file name in the Projects tab of the

Management panel and selecting Remove file from project.

Note: removing a file from a project does not physically delete it.

2.Printing

To print a C++ program, choose the "Print" option on the "File" menu of Code::Blocks. (If you are submitting an assignment via myUnisa, you don't need to print. Simply paste the code of your program into a word processor file.)

Printing the output of a program is somewhat trickier. There are (at least) two ways to print the output of a text-based program (a console application):

Method 1

To print the text from the I/O window after running your program, you can copy the text to a word processor (an editor). The steps involved are as follows:

•Position the mouse over the console window (the output window). Right-click, and choose Mark from the drop-down menu.

•Hold the Shift key down and use the arrow keys to mark (highlight) the text as a block.

•Press the Enter key to copy the highlighted text to the clipboard.

•You can now paste it in a word processor (editor) of your choice and print it.

Method 2

Sometimes the above method can be somewhat laborious and problematic, especially if there is so much output that it scrolls off the top of the screen. In this case, you can send the output directly to the printer (while the program is running) like this:

•Run your program, and when it has finished executing (and you are happy with the output) close the console window.

•Open a separate DOS window (or Command window) and change the directory to where your program is. (You'll need to type something like cd \unisa\cos1512.)

•Test whether your program is actually in the current directory by typing its name at the DOS prompt, eg. first.exe followed by <Enter>. If you get the message "Bad command or filename" you are either in the wrong directory or the name of the executable file is incorrect. You must be able to run the program from the DOS prompt before proceeding.

•Make sure that your printer is switched on, is "On-line" and has paper in it, etc.

•Press <Ctrl+P> to ensure that all the output generated from now on is sent to the printer.

•Type the name of the executable file, eg. first.exe and press <Enter> to run your program again.

•Enter any values that the program requires as input.

•When the program terminates, press <Ctrl+P> again to turn off the printing mode. All the output (and input) of the program should have been sent to the printer.

•Now you can close the console window.

Unfortunately, this method won't help if you intend submitting your assignment via myUnisa. You'll have to use Method 1.

 

13APPENDIX B: SOURCE LISTINGS OF THE SAMPLE PROGRAMS IN THE TEXTBOOK

The source code listings of the sample programs in the 8th edition of the text book can be found at the Companion Website for the text book. Go to www.pearsinternationaleditions.com/savitch, select the text book and then click on Companion Website. Click on the Register button, and type in the student access code found beneath the pull tab of the ONLINE ACCESS card in front of the text book.

The source code listings of the sample programs in the 7th edition of the text book can be found at http://www.aw.com/cssupport. Click on S under “Author Search”, and then on “Savitch” in the resulting list of authors. Follow the link provided for the text book. Now double-click on“PSCPP6e-SourceCode.zip” and click on Open. A list of folders, one for each chapter, will be displayed. Each folder contains the source listings for Displays in the chapter. Display 9.06 for example will be listed as “09-06.cpp”. If you double-click on the file, the source listing will open up in Code::Blocks.

14 APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY

The following link provides a glossary for English/Afrikaans IT terminology: http://www.coetzee.org/woordelys/

15 APPENDIX D: SOLUTION TO ASSIGNMENT 3

Question 1

For this question you had to answer questions based on the following code fragment:

1:#include <iostream>

2:using namespace std;

4:	//------------------------------------------
5:

6:class A

7:{

8:private:

9:int x;

10:protected:

11:int getX();

12:public:

13:void setX();

14:};

15:

16:int A::getX()

17:{

18:return x;

19:}

20:

21:void A::setX()

22:{

23:x=10;

24:}

25:

26://----------------------------------------------

27:class B

28:{

29:private:

30:int y;

31:protected:

32:A objA;

33:int getY();

34:public:

35:void setY();

37: }; 38:

39:void B::setY()

40:{

41:y=24;

42:int a=objA.getX();

43:}

44:	//
45:
46:

47:class C: public A

48:{

49:protected:

63

50:int z;

51:public:

52:int getZ();

53:void setZ();

54:};

55:

56:int C::getZ()

57:{

58:return z;

59:}

60:

61:void C::setZ()

62:{

63:z=65;

64:}

Answer the following questions based on the code fragment given above:

(a)Is line 18 a valid access? Justify your answer? Yes.

The variable x is a private data member of the class A and therefore it can only be accessed by other member functions and operators of the class A. getX() is a member function of class A and therefore line 18 is a valid access.

(b)Is line 32 a valid statement? Justify your answer. Yes.

An object of class A has been included as a protected data member of class B.

(c)Identify another invalid access statement in the code.

Line 42 (int a=objA.getX();) is invalid.

getx() is a protected member function of class A and can therefore only be accessed by other member functions and operators of the class A and by classes derived from class A.

(d)Class C has public inheritance with the class A. Identify and list class C’s private,protected and public data members resulting from the inheritance.

With public inheritance, the public and protected members of the base class Aare inherited as public and protected members of the derived class C.

Private data members or member functions resulting from the inheritance: None

Protected data members or member functions resulting from the inheritance:getX() Public data members or member functions resulting from the inheritance:setX()

(e)If class C had protected inheritance with the class A, identify and list class C’sprivate, protected and public data members resulting from the inheritance.

With protected inheritance, public and protected members of the base class become protected members of the derived class.

Private data members or member functions resulting from the inheritance: None

Protected data members or member functions resulting from the inheritance: setX()and getX()

Public data members or member functions resulting from the inheritance: None

Discussion:

When deriving a class from a public base class, public members of the base class become public members of the derived class and protected members of the base class become protected members of the derived class. A base class’ private members are never directly accessible from a derived class, but can be accessed through calls to the publicand protected members of the base class.

When deriving from a protected base class, public and protected members of the base class become protected members of the derived class. When deriving from a privatebase class, public and protected members of the base class become private members of the derived class. Private and protected inheritance are not “is-a” relationships [Reference: Study Guide Appendix D, chapter 15].

Question 2

For this question you had to answer questions based on the following code fragment:

class Date

{

public:

friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, const Date & d); Date(int y, int m, int d);

private:

int year, month, day;

};

class Publication

{

public:

Publication(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t);

Date GetDate( ) const; string GetPublisher( )const; string GetTitle() const;

private:

string publisher; Date date; string title;

};

(a) Implement the Date and the Publication classes.

File Name: Date.cpp

#include <iostream> #include "Date.h"

using namespace std;

Date::Date(int y, int m, int d): year(y), month(m), day(d){} ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, const Date & d)

{

out<<d.day<<"/"<<d.month<<"/"<<d.year<<endl;

}

File Name: Publication.cpp

#include <iostream> #include <string> #include "Date.h" #include "Publication.h"

using namespace std;

Publication::Publication( const string & p, const Date & d,

const string & t): publisher(p),date(d),title(t)

{ }

Date Publication::GetDate() const

{

return date;

}

string Publication::GetPublisher()const

{

return publisher;

}

string Publication::GetTitle() const

{

return title;

}

(b)Code the interface of a derived class Book for which the Publication class is the base class. The Book class has two additional data members representing the ISBN number and the author of a book. Furthermore, the Book class contains member functions getISBN( ) and getAuthor( ) that returns the ISBN number and the author respectively. The declaration must also include a constructor for the class Book.

#Ifndef BOOK_H #define BOOK_H

#include "Publication.h" #include "Date.h" #include <string>

using namespace std;

class Book: public Publication

{

public:

Book(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t, const string & auth, const string & isbn);

string getAuthor()const; string getISBN()const;

private:

string ISBN; string author;

};

#endif

(c)Implement the Book class.

#include	"Book.h"
#include	<string>
using namespace std;		const	string & t,
Book::Book(const string & p, const Date & d,

const string & auth, const string & isbn):

Publication(p,d,t),

ISBN(isbn), author(auth){}

string Book::getAuthor()const

{

return author;

}

string Book::getISBN() const

{

return ISBN;

}

Note, the constructors of the Book class call the Publication constructor (shown in bold) in their initializer lists. Constructing a derived class object by first constructing its inherited portion is a standard practice. (For a complete discussion on this subject - refer to pages 851 -853 (8thed) of Savitch / pages 865-868 (7th ed) of Savitch, under the section entitled "Constructors in

Derived Classes").

(d)Recode the following interface such that class Magazine, derives from class

Publication:

#ifndef MAGAZINE_H #define MAGAZINE_H #include "Publication.h"

class Magazine: public Publication

{

 

public:	& p, const Date & d, const string & t,
Magazine(const string
int ipy);	) const;
int GetIssuesPerYear(
private:
int issuesPerYear;
};
#endif

Note how the class requires less code due to inheritance.

(e)Implement the Magazine class.

#include "Magazine.h"

Magazine::Magazine(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t, int ipy):Publication(p,d,t), issuesPerYear(ipy) {}

int Magazine::GetIssuesPerYear()const

{

return issuesPerYear;

}

(f)For this question you had to design a driver program to test your classes:

#include <iostream> #include "Date.h" #include "Publication.h" #include "Book.h" #include "Magazine.h"

using namespace std; int main()

{

Date date1(2000,1,1); Date date2(2005,2,2);

Book B("FisherKing", date1, "Global Warming", "123456789", "Ann Miller");

cout<<B.GetTitle()<<endl;

cout<<B.GetPublisher()<<endl;

cout<<B.GetDate()<<endl;

cout<<B.getAuthor()<<endl;

cout<<B.getISBN()<<endl; Magazine M("Blue Marlin", date2,

"TheEarth and the Environment",12); cout<<M.GetTitle()<<endl; cout<<M.GetPublisher()<<endl; cout<<M.GetDate()<<endl; cout<<M.GetIssuesPerYear()<<endl;

return 0;

}

(g)Write a statement to overload operator<< as a friend function to the class Bookand insert the following implementation to your code:

ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, const Book & B)

{

out<<B.title<<endl;

out<<B.publisher<<endl;

out<<B.date<<endl;

out<<B.author<<endl;

out<<B.ISBN<<endl;

}

You should obtain the following compiler errors:

In function `std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&,

const Book&)': error: `std::string Publication::title' is private error: `std::string Publication::publisher' is private error: `Date Publication::date' is private

Suggest two ways to fix this compiler problem. Method 1: Use the accessor functions as shown below:

ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, const Book & B)

{

out<<B.GetTitle()<<endl;

out<<B.GetPublisher()<<endl;

out<<B.GetDate()<<endl;

out<<B.getAuthor()<<endl;

out<<B.getISBN()<<endl;

}

Method 2: Change the member variables of Publication into protected access. As they are now protected and not private they become accessible to the derived class

Book. The protected members of Publication become protected members of Book. They now can be directly accessed by member functions and friend functions of Book.

class Publication
{
public:	& p, const Date & d,
Publication(const string
const string & t);
Date GetDate( ) const;
string GetPublisher( )const;
string GetTitle() const;
protected:
string publisher;
Date date;
string title;
};

69

Full Programming Listing:

File name: Date.h

#ifndef DATE_H #define DATE_H #include <iostream>

using namespace std; class Date

{

public:

friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, const Date & d); Date(int y, int m, int d);

private:

int year, month, day;

};

#endif

File name: Date.cpp

#include <iostream> #include "Date.h"

using namespace std;

Date::Date(int y, int m, int d): year(y), month(m), day(d){} ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, const Date & d)

{

out<<d.day<<"/"<<d.month<<"/"<<d.year<<endl;

}

File name: Publication.h

#ifndef PUBLICATION_H #define PUBLICATION_H #include <string> #include "Date.h"

using namespace std; class Publication

{

public:

Publication(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t); Date GetDate( ) const;

string GetPublisher( )const; string GetTitle() const;

private:

string publisher; Date date; string title;

};

#endif

File name:Publication.cpp

#include <iostream> #include <string> #include "Date.h" #include "Publication.h" using namespace std;

string Publication::GetTitle() const

{

return title;

}

Publication::Publication( const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t): publisher(p),date(d),title(t){}

Date Publication::GetDate() const

{

return date;

}

string Publication::GetPublisher()const

{

return publisher;

}

Filename: Book.h

#ifndef BOOK_H #define BOOK_H

#include "Publication.h" #include "Date.h" #include <string>

using namespace std;

class Book: public Publication

{

public:

friend ostream & operator << (ostream & out, const Book & B); Book(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t,

const string & auth,const string & isbn); string getAuthor()const;

string getISBN()const; private:

string ISBN; string author;

};

#endif

Filename: Book.cpp

#include "Book.h" #include <string> using namespace std;

Book::Book(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t, const string & auth, const string & isbn):

Publication(p,d,t), ISBN(isbn), author(auth){}

string Book::getAuthor()const

{

return author;

}

string Book::getISBN() const

{

return ISBN;

}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, const Book & B)

{

out<<B.GetTitle()<<endl;

out<<B.GetPublisher()<<endl;

out<<B.GetDate()<<endl;

out<<B.getAuthor()<<endl;

out<<B.getISBN()<<endl;

}

Filename: Magazine.h

#ifndef MAGAZINE_H #define MAGAZINE_H

#include	"Publication.h"
class Magazine:public Publication
{
public:		& p, const Date & d, const string & t,
Magazine(const string
int	int ipy);	) const;
	GetIssuesPerYear(
private:	issuesPerYear;
int
};
#endif

Filename: Magazine.cpp

#include "Magazine.h"

Magazine::Magazine(const string & p, const Date & d, const string & t, int ipy):Publication(p,d,t), issuesPerYear(ipy)

{}

int Magazine::GetIssuesPerYear()const

{

return issuesPerYear;

}

Filename: Test.cpp #include <iostream> #include "Date.h"

#include "Publication.h" #include "Book.h" #include "Magazine.h"

using namespace std; int main()

{

Date date1(2000,1,1); Date date2(2005,2,2);

Book B("FisherKing", date1, "Global Warming", "123456789", "Ann Miller");

cout<<B.GetTitle()<<endl;

cout<<B.GetPublisher()<<endl;

cout<<B.GetDate()<<endl;

cout<<B.getAuthor()<<endl;

cout<<B.getISBN()<<endl; Magazine M("Blue Marlin", date2,

"TheEarth and the Environment",12); cout<<M.GetTitle()<<endl; cout<<M.GetPublisher()<<endl; cout<<M.GetDate()<<endl; cout<<M.GetIssuesPerYear()<<endl;

return 0;

}

Question 3

Discussion:

For this question, you had to define a function template that searches an array for a specific value and returns the index of the first occurrence of that value. The template should have parameters for a partially filled array and for a value of the base type of the array. If the value is in the partially filled array, then the function returns the index of the first occurrence of that value, otherwise the function returns -1. The base type of the array is a type parameter.

Function templates are special functions that can operate with generic types. This allows us to create a function template whose functionality can be adapted to more than one variable type or class without repeating the code for each type. For instance, with this program we used the same search() function for an array of doubles (Doubles), an array of characters (Characters) and an array of integers (Integers). Without templates we would have had to write a separate search() function for each type of array. (Section 17.1 of Savitch has detailed explanations on the declarations of function templates.)

A template parameter is a special kind of parameter that can be used to pass a type as a parameter. The function templates can use these parameters as if they were regular types. The declaration for the search() function combined template parameters with a defined parameter type:

template<class T>

int search(T array[], int n, T target)

Be cautious when using template parameters - you cannot apply it without considering all the implications.

For example:template<class T>

int search( T array[], T n, T target)

 This does not make sense as we want to run a loop n number of times to search the array for our target element - n must certainly be of type integer. Hence it does not make sense within this context to declare n as a template parameter.

Program Listing:

#include <iostream>

//Precondition: the array base type must have operator== defined, //&& n <= declared size of the array argument. //Postcondition: Function returns index of the first

//occurrence of target in array. If target is not in the //array, the function returns -1

using namespace std;

template<class T>

int search( T array[], int n, T target)

{

for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )

{

if (array[i] == target) return i;

}

return -1;

}

int main(){

char Characters[14] = { 'M', 'A', 'P', 'C','E' }; int Integers[14] = { 1, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 7}; double Doubles[14] = {2.99,8.77,4.88,6.44,3.45};

cout << " C found at index "

<<search( Characters,5,'C')

<<" in array of characters"

<<endl;

cout << " c found at index "

<<search( Characters,5,'c')

<<" in array of characters"

<<endl;

cout << " 5 found at index "

<<search( Integers, 10, 5)

<<" in array of integers"

<<endl;

cout << " 3.45 found at index "

<<search( Doubles, 10, 3.45)

<<" in array of doubles"

<<endl;

}

Output:

C found at index 3 in array of characters c found at index -1 in array of characters 5 found at index 3 in array of integers 3.45 found at index 4 in array of doubles

Press any key to continue . . .

Question 4

Discussion:

For this question, you had to specify a template version of a search function to determine whether an array contains a particular value. Here only two of the parameters had to be template type parameters, namely the array type and the target (i.e. the element being searched). As discussed, with the previous question, it does not make sense to alter the other parameters into template type parameters. We also included a templatized Output() function to output an array of any type and to call the search() algorithm to further promote reuse.

Program Listing:

#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std;

//Precondition: the array base type must have operator== defined, //&& n <= declared size of the array argument. //Postcondition: Function returns true at the first

//occurrence of target in array. If target is not in the //array, the function returns false

template<class T>

bool search( T array[], int n, T target)

{

for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )

{

if (array[i] == target) return true;

}

return false;

}

//Precondition: the array base type must have operator<< defined, //&& n <= declared size of the array argument.

template <class T>

void Output(T array[], int n, T target, string s)

{

if (search(array,n,target))

cout << s << "does contain " << target <<endl;

else

cout << s << "does not contain " << target <<endl;

}

int main()

{

char Characters[14] = { 'M', 'A', 'P', 'C','E' }; int Integers[14] = { 1, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 7}; double Doubles[14] = {2.99,8.77,4.88,6.44,3.45};

Output( Characters,5,'C', "Array Characters "); Output( Characters,5,'c', "Array Characters "); Output( Integers, 10, 5 , "Array Integers "); Output( Integers, 10, 15 , "Array Integers "); Output( Doubles, 10, 3.45, "Array Doubles "); Output( Doubles, 10, 3.455, "Array Doubles ");

}

Output:

Array Characters does contain C

Array Characters does not contain c

Array Integers does contain 5

Array Integers does not contain 15

Array Doubles does contain 3.45

Array Doubles does not contain 3.455

Press any key to continue . . .

Question 5

For this question, you had to implement the operations of a Matrix class template.

(a) The code to be inserted shown in bold.

Discussion:

Until now, we have placed the definition of the class (in the header file) and the definition of the member functions (in the implementation file) in separate files. However this does not work with class templates. As shown below both the interface and implementation are within the header file Matrix.h

File name: Matrix.h

#ifndef MATRIX_H #define MATRIX_H #include <iostream>

array[row][col] = value;

#include <vector> #include <cassert> using namespace std; template<class Object> class Matrix

{

public:

Matrix( int r = 0, int c = 0 );

void SetValue(Object value, int row, int col); Object GetValue( int row, int col) const;

int GetRow() const; int GetCol() const;

void OutPut(ostream & out) const; private:

vector< vector<Object> > array; int rows;

int cols;

};

template <class Object> Matrix<Object>::Matrix (int row, int col)

{

rows = row; cols = col;

array.resize(row);

for (int r = 0; r < row; r++) array[r].resize(col);

}

template <class Object>

void Matrix<Object>::SetValue(Object value, int row, int col)

{

}

template <class Object>

Object Matrix<Object>::GetValue(int row, int col) const

{

return array[row][col];

}

template<class Object>

int Matrix<Object>::GetRow() const

{

return rows;

}

template<class Object>

int Matrix<Object>::GetCol() const

{

return cols;

}

template <class Object>

void Matrix<Object>::OutPut(ostream & out) const

{

for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)

{

for(int c = 0; c < cols; c++)

{

}

out<<array[r][c]<<'\t';

}

cout<<endl;

}

template<class Object>

Matrix<Object> operator+(const Matrix<Object> & x, const Matrix<Object> & y)

{

int xrow = x.GetRow(); int xcol = y.GetCol();

assert( xrow == y.GetRow() && xcol == y.GetCol()); Matrix<Object> temp(xrow,xcol);

for (int r = 0; r < xrow; r++)

{

for(int c = 0; c < xcol; c++)

{

}

}

Object sum = x.GetValue(r,c) + y.GetValue(r,c); temp.SetValue(sum, r, c);

return temp;

}

#endif

(b)For this question you had to write a test program for your Matrix class:

#include <iostream> #include "Matrix.h" using namespace std;

int main()

{

Matrix<int> M1(2,2); Matrix<int> M2(2,2);

M1.SetValue(1,0,0);

M1.SetValue(2,0,1);

M1.SetValue(3,1,0);

M1.SetValue(4,1,1);

M2.SetValue(5,0,0);

M2.SetValue(6,0,1);

M2.SetValue(7,1,0);

M2.SetValue(8,1,1);

78

COS1512/101

Matrix<int> M3(2,2);

M3 = M1 + M2;

M1.OutPut(cout); cout<<endl;

M2.OutPut(cout);cout<<endl;

M3.OutPut(cout);cout<<endl;

return 0;

}

Output Produced:

1	2
3	4
5	6
7	8
6	8
10	12

Press any key to continue . . .

Note:

As shown above - we also have the possibility to write class templates, so that a class can have members that use template parameters as types. C++ class templates are used where we have multiple copies of code for different data types with the same logic. If a set of functions or classes have the same functionality for different data types, they become good candidates for being written as templates. C++ class templates are ideal for container classes (a class of objects that is intended to contain other objects). Examples of container classes will be the STL classes like vector (chapter 8, Savitch), and list. Once the code is written as a C++ class template, it can support all data types. (See section 17.2, Savitch for full explanations on Class Templates.) For instance the Matrix template above can accommodate a Matrix of any type, be it strings, doubles, ints, etc.

Savitch limits his discussion to popular member functions of the STL vector class, such aspush_back, size, capacity, reserve and resize. However there are other member functions such as:

empty which returns true if the vector is empty and false otherwise

pop_back which removes the last element of a vector

back which returns the last element of the vector.

Question 6

Discussion:

In this program we use C-strings to read in the user's first and last name. Both C-strings are then converted to lowercase before the full name is converted to pig latin.

C-strings use the '\0' character to indicate the end of a C-string. The C-string variables used to store the first and last names for example are therefore declared as

char first[21], last[21];

to allow 20 characters each for the first and last names as well as one position for the '\0'.

The program uses two functions, convertToLowerCase() to convert a string to lowercase, and pigLatin() to convert a string to pig latin.

In function convertToLowerCase() we use the null character '\0' as sentinel in the whileloop that converts each character to its lower case.

Program listing:

#include <iostream> #include <cstring>

using namespace std;

//void convertToLowerCase(char name[])

//Pre: name[] contains a C-string

//Post: name[] has been converted to lower case void convertToLowerCase(char name[])

//void pigLatin(char name[])

//Pre: name[] contains a C-string

//Post: name[] has been converted to pig latin void pigLatin(char name[])

int main()

{

char first[21], last[21], newName[41], copyFirst[21],copyLast[21]; cout << "Please enter your first name: ";

cin >> first;

cout << "Please enter your last name: "; cin >> last;

//make a copy of the first and last name for output purposes strcpy(copyFirst, first);

strcpy(copyLast, last);

//convert first and last name to lowercase convertToLowerCase(first); convertToLowerCase(last);

//convert first and last name to pig latin pigLatin(first);

pigLatin(last);

//create new string with first and last name in pig latin strcpy(newName, first);

strcat(newName, " "); //add space between first and last name strcat(newName, last);

cout << "Dear " << copyFirst << " " << copyLast << " in pig latin your name is " << newName << endl;

return 0;

}

void convertToLowerCase(char name[])

{

int i = 0;

while (name[i] != '\0')

{

name[i] = tolower(name[i]); i++;

}

}

void pigLatin(char name[])

{

char ch;

if ((name[0] == 'a') || (name[0] == 'e') || (name[0] == 'i') || (name[0] == '0') || (name[0] == 'u'))

{

name[0] = toupper(name[0]); strcat(name, "way");

}

else

{

ch = name[0];

for (int i = 0; i <= strlen(name); i++) name[i] = name[i+1];

name[strlen(name)] = ch; strcat(name, "ay");

name[0] = toupper(name[0]);

}

}

Input and corresponding output:

Please enter your first name: Erin Please enter your last name: Jones

Dear Erin Jones in pig latin your name is Erinway Onesjay Press any key to continue . . .

Question 7

7. (a) Discussion:

We adapted the sorting function to sort a vector from largest to smallest as follows:

The argument was changed from an array of ints to a vector of ints, as can be seen in the function headings:

void sort(vector<int>& v) and

int index_of_largest(const vector<int> v, int start_index)

Note that in order to return the sorted vector, it should be a reference parameter. Also note that since the size of a vector can be determined with the member function size(), the parameternumber_used can be omitted from both functions.

We want to sort in descending order while the sorting function in Display 7.12 sorts in ascending order. Accordingly, both function and local variable names that refer to either 'smallest' or

'min' have been changed to 'largest' or 'max'. See for example functionindex_of_largest below:

int index_of_largest(const vector<int> v, int start_index)

{

int max = v[start_index], index_of_max = start_index;

for (int index = start_index + 1; index < v.size(); index++) if (v[index] > max)

{

max = v[index]; index_of_max = index;

//max is the largest of v[start_index] through v[index]

}

return index_of_max;

}

While these name changes aid in understanding the sorting order of the sorting function, it does not change the order in which the vector is sorted from ascending to descending. The crucial change to ensure that the sorting is done in descending order instead of ascending order, lies in

changing the comparison if (a[index] < min)

in function index_of_largestto if (v[index] > max)

This change is highlighted in the code section above. The comments have also been adapted to reflect the changed sorting order.

7. (b) Discussion:

In this question you should have provided a facility to allow the user to specify whether input should be read from a file, or from the keyboard. Note that when input is read from the keyboard, we indicate the end of file character with CTRL Z, followed by pressing 'enter':

{//read input from the console

cout << "Please enter list of values. Press 'enter' " << "after each value. Use CTRL Z to end." << endl;

read_vector(list,cin);

}

In function read_vector() inheritance is used so that input can be done both from a file or from the keyboard. The formal parameter corresponding either to cin (console input) or fin(file input) therefore has to be of type istream:

void read_vector(vector<int>& v, istream& in_stream);

See Section 10.4 in Savitch for more detail.

The distinct elements in the vector are extracted by using a boolean function found() to determine whether or not a specific element in the original vector (list) occurs in the vector of distinct elements (distinct). Should a specific element not occur in the vector of distinct elements, it is added to distinct.

//extract distinct elements in list into vector distinct vector<int> distinct;

for (unsigned int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

{

if (!found(list[i], distinct)) distinct.push_back(list[i]);

}

The vector of distinct elements is then sorted, and a third vector (occurrences) with the same number of elements as distinct is declared and initialised to 0.

//sort vector distinct sort(distinct);

//declare a vector with distinct.size()elements and initialise //each to 0

vector<int> occurrences (distinct.size());

A function count() is used to count the number of times each distinct element (stored in vector distinct), occurs in the original list of elements (vector list).

//count occurrences for each element in vector distinct for (unsigned int i = 0; i < distinct.size(); i++)

occurrences[i] = count(distinct[i], list);

Finally, the corresponding elements in vectors distinct and occurrences are output next to each other to show the number of times each distinct element occurs in the original list. We show output for input from the keyboard as well as for input from a file.

Program listing:

#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <cstdlib> #include <cstring>

using namespace std;

void read_vector(vector<int>& v, istream& in_stream);

//to read input values from a stream (file or console) into vector v bool found(int x, vector<int> v);

//to determine if x occurs in vector v

int count(int x, vector<int> v);

//to count the number of times x occurs in vector v

void sort(vector<int>& v);

//Precondition: number_used <= declared size of the vector v.

//The vector elements v[0] through v[v.size - 1] have values. //Postcondition: The values of v[0] through v[v.size() - 1] have //been rearranged so that v[0] >= v[1] >= ... >= v[v.size() - 1].

void swap_values(int& v1, int& v2); //Interchanges the values of v1 and v2.

int index_of_largest(const vector<int> v, int start_index); //Precondition: 0 <= start_index < v.size().

// Referenced vector elements have values.

//Returns the index i such that v[i] is the largest of the values //v[start_index], v[start_index + 1], ..., v[v.size() - 1].

int main()

{

vector<int> list; fstream fin;

char answer; string filename; int next;

cout << "Do you want to provide input via console or " << "using a file(c/f)?";

cin >> answer;
cout << endl;	//read input from a file
if (answer == 'f')
{

cout << "Please enter filename: " << endl; cin >> filename; fin.open(filename.c_str());

if (fin.fail())

{

cout << "Input file opening failed. \n"; exit(1);

}

read_vector(list,fin); fin.close();

}

else //read input from the console

{

cout << "Please enter list of values. Press 'enter' " << "after each value. Use CTRL Z to end." << endl;

read_vector(list,cin);

}

//extract distinct elements in list into vector distinct vector<int> distinct;

for (unsigned int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)

{

if (!found(list[i], distinct)) distinct.push_back(list[i]);

}

//sort vector distinct sort(distinct);

//declare a vector with distinct.size()elements and initialise //each to 0

vector<int> occurrences (distinct.size());

//count occurrences for each element in vector distinct for (unsigned int i = 0; i < distinct.size(); i++)

occurrences[i] = count(distinct[i], list);

//output

cout << endl << 'N' << '\t' << "Count" << endl; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < distinct.size(); i++)

cout << distinct[i] << '\t' << occurrences[i] << endl;

return 0;

}

void read_vector(vector<int>& v, istream& in_stream)

{

int next;

while (in_stream >> next)

{

v.push_back(next);

}

}

bool found(int x, vector<int> v)

{

for (unsigned int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)

{

if (x == v[i]) return true;

}

return false;

}

int count(int x, vector<int> v)

{

int counter = 0;

for (unsigned int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)

{

if (x == v[i]) counter += 1;

}

return counter;

}

void sort(vector<int>& v)

{

int index_of_next_largest;

for (unsigned int index = 0; index < v.size() - 1; index++) {//Place the correct value in v[index]:

index_of_next_largest = index_of_largest(v, index);

swap_values(v[index], v[index_of_next_largest]);

//v[0] >= v[1] >=...>= v[index] are the largest of the original //vector elements. The rest of the elements are in the remaining //positions.

}

}

void swap_values(int& v1, int& v2)

{

int temp; temp = v1; v1 = v2; v2 = temp;

}

int index_of_largest(const vector<int> v, int start_index)

{

int max = v[start_index], index_of_max = start_index;

for (int index = start_index + 1; index < v.size(); index++) if (v[index] > max)

{

max = v[index]; index_of_max = index;

//max is the largest of v[start_index] through v[index]

}

return index_of_max;

}

Output using console input:

Do you want to provide input via console or using a file(c/f)?c

Please	enter list of values. Press 'enter' after each value. Use CTRL
Z to end.
-12
3
-12
4
1
1
-12
1
-1
1
2
3
4
2
3
-12
^Z
N	Count
86

4	2
3	3
2	2
1	4
-1	1
-12	4

Press any key to continue . . .

Output using file input:

Do you want to provide input via console or using a file(c/f)?f

Please enter filename:

Q6.dat

N	Count
4	2
3	3
2	2
1	4
-1	1
-12	4

Press any key to continue . . .

Question 8

For this question you had to write a recursive function that returns the sum of the integers between any two integer numbers inclusive. This recursive function expects two integer parameters and returns a double.

Program Listing:

#include <iostream> using namespace std;

double sum (int m, int n)

{

if (m == n) return m;

else

return (m + sum ( m + 1, n ) );

}

int main()

{

cout << "The sum between 13 and 17 is:"; cout << sum (13,17) <<endl;;

cout << "The sum between 13 and 13 is:"; cout<< sum(13,13) <<endl;

cout << "The sum between 13 and 14 is:"; cout<< sum(13,14) <<endl;

return 0;

}

87

 

Output:

The sum between 13 and 17 is:75

The sum between 13 and 13 is:13

The sum between 13 and 14 is:27

Press any key to continue . . .

Discussion:

To solve this question, we need to determine the base case and the general case. The base case is when the solution can be obtained directly.

The base case:

If m is equal to n then we can immediately determine the sum to be m. For example the sum between 13 and 13 would be 13.

The general case on the other hand, is a little harder to deduce: Consider the following example:

sum(13,17) = 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17

A more general formula can be written as:

sum(m,n) = m+(m+1)+(m+2)+...+(n-2)+(n-1)+n

Recursively:

sum(m,n) = m + sum(m+1,n)

The diagram below represents the recursive calls that will take place if 13 and 17 were passed as parameters to the sum() function. That is, we want to determine the sum between 13 and

17. The diagram shows that each sum(m,n) induces calls to sum(m+1,n). For instance,

sum(13,17) sum(13,17) = 75

since m!=n

step a

return 13 + sum (14,17);

return 13 + 62 = 75

sum(14,17)

sum(14,17) = 62

since m!=n

return 14 + 48 = 62

step b

return 14 + sum (15,17);

sum(15,17)

sum(15,17) = 48

since m != n

return 15 + 33 = 48

step c

return 15 + sum(16,17)

sum(16,17)

sum(16,17) = 33

since m != n

return16 +17 = 33

step d

return 16 + sum(17,17)

sum(17,17) = 17

sum(17,17)

step e

since m = n

return 17

88

return 17

COS1512/101

since sum(13,17) = 13 + sum(14,17) - this induces calls to sum(15,17), sum(16,17)and finally sum(17,17). With regard to the diagram below, recursion works first along the downward arrows until a given point is reached at which an answer is defined (the base case), and then works along the dashed upward arrows, returning values back to the calling function. For function sum(), the base case is when m == n.

So eventually the recursive calls will stop at sum(17,17) - because an answer of 17 can be returned.

Hence sum(16,17) is:

sum(16,17) = 16 + 17 = 33 hence sum(16,17) returns 33

So sum(15,17) is:
sum(15,17) = 15 + sum(16,17) =		15	+ 33	= 48 hence sum(15,17) returns 48
So sum(14,17) is:
sum(14,17) = 14	+ Sum(15,17) =	14	+ 48	= 62 hence sum(14,17) returns 62
Therefore sum(13,17) is:
sum(13,17) = 13	+ sum(14,17) =	13	+ 62	= 75 hence sum(13,17) returns 75

More on Recursion:

Understanding recursion is difficult. Let us consider an everyday example. Suppose you were given a huge bag of coins and you had to determine how much money was in the bag.

As the bag is large, you prefer not to do the work by yourself. However, you have  many willing friends. You divide the bag of coins into two heaps of coins and ask your friend "Could you please add up this one heap of coins? I've only given you half, so there's half the work to do”. You, then give the other half to another  friend, and say the same thing. Once both are done, they will give their answer to you, and you add their results.

Thus, you have broken down the problem into two smaller parts, and asked your friends to do the work.

Now those friends are smart too, so they divide their heap of coins into two parts (now each has two heaps of ¼ of the size) and each asks two of their friends to help. When their friends are done, they return their answer, and the result is summed. Now assume that each of their friends does the same and enlists more friends to help and this process goes on and on. Eventually, there is a heap of only two coins, and these are divided once again and given to two more friends, and those friends, seeing how silly the problem is now, just tell the first friend the only value on the coin. There's no need to ask any more friends, because you're down to one coin (this is the base case).

Thus, recursion is all about breaking a problem down, and solving that, and that smaller problem is solved by breaking it down some more, and trying to solve that. Eventually, you reach an easy solution (the base case), and return the solution.