Unit 24 Networking Technologies

Assessment Methods -Summary Unit 24 Networking Technologies

Module Booklet

Qualification	BTEC HND in Computing and Systems Development
Unit	Unit 24:Networking Technologies
Unit level	4
Unit code	M/601/0472
Credit Value	15
Teaching Period	10 Weeks [Contact Hours: 60]
Term Start Date	05 June 2017
Hand out date
Submission Deadline	13 August 2017
Lecture	7 weeks
Revision Clinic	3 Weeks
Module Leader	Rafiqul Islam
Lecturer	Rafiqul Islam

Unit 24 Networking Technologies enable learners to understand computer networking concepts, how they work, how they operate and the protocols, standards and the models associated with networking technology.
Unit abstract
Understanding of the underlying principles of networking is of vital importance to all IT professionals in an environment that is increasingly complex and under continuous development.
The aim of this unit is to provide a background to the basic components of networked systems from which all networking operations derive. It also includes the evaluation of networks and network applications.
Learners taking this unit will explore a range of hardware and technologies, culminating in the design and deployment of a networked system. Working with many technologies, this unit can be used for mobile systems, local area networks as well as larger scale wider area networked systems. Supporting a range of units in the Higher National suite this unit underpins the principles of networks for all and enables learners to work towards their studies in vendor units if applicable.

1.2 Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this unit a learner will:
LO1-Understand networking principles
LO2 -Understand networking components
LO3-Be able to design networked systems
LO4-Be able to implement and support networked systems.
2.0 Unit Indicative content:
1 Understand networking principles
Role of networks: purpose, benefits, resource implications, communications, workingpractice, commercial opportunity, information sharing, collaboration
System: types, eg peer based, client-server, cloud, cluster, centralised, virtualised
Networking standards: conceptual models eg OSI model, TCP/IP model; standards: eg IEEE 802.x
Topology: logical eg Ethernet, Token Ring; physical eg star, ring, bus, mesh, tree, ring
Communication: bandwidth, throughput
Protocols: relationship to networking standards; purpose of protocols; routed protocols eg IPv4, IPv6, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, SSL; management of protocols for addressing; routing protocols eg RIP, RIPv2, OSPF, OSPFv3, BGP
2 Understand networking components
Hardware components: workstation eg mobile, fixed, handheld, console; servers; switches; routers; cabling; hubs; repeaters; bridges; wireless devices; mobile eg 3G, 4G, GPRS
Software components: software eg client software, server software, client operating system, server operating system
Server: type eg firewall, email, web, file, database, combination, virtualisation, terminalservices server
Server selection: cost, purpose, operating system requirement
Workstation: hardware eg network card, cabling; permissions; system bus; local-systemarchitecture eg memory, processor, I/O devices
3 Be able to design networked systems
Bandwidth: expected average load; anticipated peak load; local internet availability; costConstraints
Users: quality expectations, concept of system growth
Applications: security requirements, quality of service needs
Communications: suited to devices, suited to users, supportive of lifestyle desires, supportive of commercial requirements
Scalable: able to support device growth, able to support addition of communication devices, able to cope with bandwidth use and trend changes, protocol utilisation, addressing
Selection of components: supporting infrastructure needs; supporting connectivity requirements
4 Be able to implement and support networked systems
Devices: installation of communication devices, allocation of addresses, local client configuration, server configuration, server installation
Connectivity: installation of internet work communication medium
Testing: communication; bandwidth
User access: bandwidth, applications, devices
Policy review: bandwidth, resource availability
System monitoring: utilisation, bandwidth needs, monitoring user productivity
Maintenance schedule: backups, upgrades, security, auditing

3.0 Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria

On successful completion of this unit a learner will:

Teaching and learning Methods

This unit requires a range of skills and strategies to be employed for teaching and learning.
This is suitable for use for a range of sectors and should utilise the full range of skills developed through study of other units in the programme. These include planning, practical work, data handling and processing, critical analysis and presentation skills.
Tutor support will available throughout. You can contact the tutor via email or through your e-learning portal on a regular basis on top of scheduled classroom hours which all learners should attend. There will a number activities leading to peer discussions and learning.
This knowledge gained from this unit can be applied to a number of other units in the programme as well.
Assessment Methods -Summary
The assessment will consist of an individual report based on a case scenario chosen for the purpose to address all the learning outcomes and the implied assessment criteria.
The assessment will comprise of four key components –Understand networking principles,Understand networking components, Be able to design networked systems and Be able to implement and support networked systems
A summative assessment on their report will be conducted on the week 10.
4.1 Methods of Delivery:
LECTURES:
These will be developed around the key concepts as mentioned in the indicative course content and will use a range of live examples and cases from business practice to demonstrate the application of theoretical concepts. This method is primarily used to identify and explain key aspects of the subject so that learners can utilise their private study time more effectively.
SEMINARS:
These are in addition to the lectures. The seminars are designed to give learners the opportunity to test their understanding of the material covered in the lectures and private study with the help of reference books. This methodology usually carries a set of questions identified in advance. Seminars are interactive sessions led by the learners. This method of study gives the learner an excellent opportunity to clarify any points of difficulty with the tutor and simultaneously develop their oral communication skills.
CASE STUDIES:
An important learning methodology is the extensive use of case studies. They enable learners to apply the concepts that they learn in their subjects. The learners have to study the case, analyse the facts presented and arrive at conclusions and recommendations. This assists in the assessment of the learner’s ability to apply to the real world the tools and techniques of analysis which they have learnt. The case study serves as a supplement to the theoretical knowledge imparted through the course work.
Plagiarism:
Any act of plagiarism will be seriously dealt with according to the colleges and awarding bodies’ regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below:
Plagiarism is presenting someone’s work as your own. It includes copying information directly from the web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework form another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the college procedure. (For further details please refer to the plagiarism policy and the student code of conduct.)

5.0 Teaching plan for the term / Scheme of Work

Accrediting Body: EDEXCEL
Course: BTEC HND IN Computing and Systems Development
UNIT 44: LOCAL AREA NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES

1	AM	Lecture Schedule	Outcome of session	Activity/seminar and formative assessment	Resources
	PM	Introduction to the module Breakdown of Learning Outcomes Explanation of the assessment model	Introduction to the module, awareness of the awarding body, assessment criteria and the mode of assessment	Role play and individual induction, helping to know each other. General Overview of the Module and significance of the Module as a component part of the BTEC Higher National	Module handbook and PowerPoint slides prepared by Module Leader
2	AM	Introduction to Networking Purpose & Benefits	At the end of this session, learner’s will be able: ü AC 1.1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different networking systems types and topologies	Case study and addressing the outcome Activity: Individual and group discussion related to network	PowerPoint slides from: books and Websites
	PM	Network Types: PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN and Cloud Network Architecture: Client/Server, peer to peer, cluster, centralized networks. Advantages and disadvantages.	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 1.2 Evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards	Addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual and group discussion on AC 1.1 and AC 1.2	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites
3	AM	Networking Hardware & Software components Networking Hardware.( Servers, Routers, Switches, Hubs, repeaters, bridges) Network Transmission Media: Wired and Wireless transmissions) Network Software components: software e.g. client software, server software, client operating system, server operating system Server and Server selection: cost, purpose, operating system requirement	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 2.1 Discuss the role of software and hardware components ü AC 2.2 Discuss server types and selection requirement ü	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual and group discussion on AC 2.1 , AC 2.2 and AC 2.3	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
	PM	Physical & logical Topologies: Physical Topology: star, ring, bus, mesh, tree and Hybrid.	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 2.3 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with network components	Case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Introduce Network simulation software Packet Tracer	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
4	AM	Logical Topology: Token Ring and CSMA/CD.	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 3.1 Design a networked system to meet a given specification ü	Case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
	PM	Conceptual Models: Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model TCP/IP Model	ü AC 3.2 evaluate the design and analyse user feedback ü AC 1.3 Discuss how protocols enable the effective utilization of different networking systems	Case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual and group discussion on OSI Model	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
5	AM	Protocols: IPv4, IPv6, FTP,TELNET, SMTP,HTTP, POP3, SSL	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 4.1 implement a networked system based on a prepared design	Case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
	PM	IP addressing and subnetting	ü AC 4.1 implement a networked system based on a prepared design	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group exercise on subnetting	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
6	AM	IP addressing and subnetting	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 4.1 implement a networked system based on a prepared design	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
	PM	Routing Protocols Introduction to Routing Static and Dynamic routing Routing protocols : RIP, IGRP, EIGRP	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 4.1 implement a networked system based on a prepared design	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group exercise on routing protocols.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
7	AM	Routing protocols : OSPF, BGP	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 4.2 test the network system to meet user requirements ü AC 4.3 document and analyse test results against expected results	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity:Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
	PM	Testing, user accessibility and policy reviews. System monitoring in terms of bandwidth needs.	After this session, learners will be able to: ü AC 4.4 recommend potential enhancements for the networked systems ü AC 4.5 design a maintenance schedule to support the networked system	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group discussion regarding the topic	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
8	AM	Maintenance schedule: backups, upgrades, security and auditing Revision	After this session, learners will be able to: Revision of LO1, LO2 and LO3	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Activity: Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
	PM	Revision & Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software	After this session, learners will be able to: Revision of LO1, LO2 and LO3	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
9	AM	Revision & Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software	After this session, learners will be able to: Revision of LO4	Practical, case study and addressing the learning outcome Individual/group tasks using Network Simulator Software.	PowerPoint slides From books and Websites and research
9	PM	Assignment Support	Assignment Support	Assignment Support	Assignment Support
10	AM	Assignment Support	Assignment Support	Assignment Support	Assignment Support
10	PM	Assessment and Feedback	Assessment and Feedback	Assessment and Feedback

Resources
Books

Burgess M – Principles of Network and System Administration, 2nd Edition (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2003) ISBN 0470868074
Hallberg B – Networking: A Beginner’s Guide, 4th Edition (Osborne/McGraw-Hill US, 2005) ISBN 0072262125
Limoncelli T and Hogan C – The Practice of System and Network Administration (Addison Wesley, 2001) ISBN 0201702711
Lowe D – Networking All-in-One Desk Reference for Dummies, 2nd Edition (Hungry Minds Inc US, 2005) ISBN 0764599399
More M, Southwick P, Pritsky T and Riggs C – Telecommunications: A Beginner’s Guide (McGrawHill Education, 2001) ISBN 0072193565
Olifer N and Olifer V – Computer Networks: Principles, Technologies and Protocols for Network Design (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2005) ISBN 0470869828
Schiller J – Mobile Communications, 2nd Edition (Addison Wesley, 2003) ISBN 0321123816
Subramanian M – Network Management: An Introduction to Principles and Practice (Addison Wesley, 2000) ISBN 0201357429 Websites

Websites

cisco.com
howstuffworks.com
webopedia.com
wikipedia.org

Lecturer: Mr Rafiqul Islam
Campus: WH/PR
Contact details: rafiq.matrix@gmail.com
Assessment:
The module will be assessed meeting all the LO as specified by the awarding body, EdExcel.
Please read the instructions carefully while addressing the tasks specified.
Contribution: 100% of the module
Outline Details: Individual report approx. 4500 words. Details enclosed in the assignment brief.
Teaching and Learning Activities
The module tutor(s) will aim to combine lectures with tutorial activities. This environment will provide opportunities for the student to understand the course material through case study and text and to apply it in a practical way. The intent is to facilitate interactive class activities, and discussion about the significant role of research in a global and local business environment.
Teaching Ethos
The college’s approach towards teaching and learning is simple and effective. The main aim of UKCBC is to assist learners in maximising their potential by ensuring that they are taught clearly and effectively. This will enable students to engage in the learning environment and promote success in both their academic studies and subsequent career.

6.0 Assignment Details

In the following pages you will find the assignment for this unit.
Please find the assignment front sheet, assignment brief and other assessment guidelines.
This is the ONLY assignment that will be used to grade you for this unit.
Please go through the scenario and plan for your achievement using the PASS, MERIT and DISTINCTION descriptions / indicative characteristics given below.

The module will be assessed using all the Learning Outcomes as specified by the awarding body
Please read the instructions carefully while addressing the tasks specified.
Contribution: 100% of the module
Outline Details: Individual report approx. 4500 words. Details enclosed in the assignment brief

6.1 ASSIGNMENT BRIEF

Unit Number and title	Unit 24 Networking Technologies
Qualification	BTEC HND CSD (Level 4)
Start Date	05 June 2017
Deadline/ Hand-in	13 August 2017
Assignment Title	Design a LAN for Beta Communication Ltd
Assignment Type	Individual Course Work
Assessor	Rafiqul Islam

Assignment Brief Scenario:
The Beta Communication Ltd is a medium sized telecommunication company specializing in telecom products for a niche market. Until now, the company has relied heavily on standalone PCs and individual dial-up access to the internet for their work.
This year, the company won a lucrative contract and have decided to move to new premises and build their contemporary Local Area Network (LAN) system. As part of building a LAN project, the Managing Director recruited you as a Network Consultant to design, build and implementthe company’s LAN with consideration to their limited budgetdue to the credit crunch.
Your ISP has given you a ‘Class C’ IP address for your company. ‘Class C’ IP address will require to be sub netted to allow for the functions of different departments. Beta Communication Ltd hasthree separate buildings. You must connect these three buildings with a bandwidth no less than 10 Mbps.
As part of the security, all general staff of the company will not have access to FTP andWeb services from their PC. Additionally, Telco products manager and Network Infrastructure (NI) manager will have access to FTP services only. Different functional part of the companyare as follows:
First Building:
1st Line Support
There are five 1st line support technicians for their products in the company. All of them use separate PCs for their work. They use high power workstations for their work. Theyrequire twolarge servers, one FTP and other Web serverfor theirdepartment’s datastorageand applications.
Network Infrastructure Manager
The NI Manager would like to have powerful PC so that he/she can view their Management Information Systems (MIS). NI Manager would also like the ability to take part in videoconferencing. The manager has statedthatmuchoftheinformationhe/shewillbeusingistoremainconfidential.
Telco Products Manager
Telco Manager takes care of the company’s Telco products. He/she use one room. As this department deals with large amount of information, the communications for this department must be secure and not reach any of the rest of the network. This room requires one large serverforapplicationsanddata.
2nd Building:
Ordering and Delivery
This department is in one room and is responsible for shipping the manufactured items to their purchasers. There are three staff here and their work will mainly involve addressing parcels and contacting customers by email. The company will require a web server to accommodate their new website for online ordering.
General Staff
All other staff will require a new PC complete with a suitable office environment operating system (unless stated otherwise) and access to a networked printer. Each floor has their own laserprinter.Allcommunicationsbetweenfloorsmustbesecurefromeavesdropping.
Third Building:
Only Managing Director and PA will use this floor and they both would like to have a powerful PC, a colour laser printer anda projector. Assume that you have been appointed as Network Consultant to this company and you are required to design the LAN in simulated environment, write the documentation accordingtothe tasks mentioned below and submit it in report format style to Managing Director of Beta Communication LTD.
TASKS 1 TO 4
TASK 1 to TASK 4: You are required to follow the instructions as specified towards each task and support with research by using supportive materials like books, websites, etc., and give feedback on the findings by relating your arguments to the relevant case study as specified towards each task. Your report should fully follow the Harvard Referencing model.
LO1 Understand networking principles
The objective for this task is to address and exhibit understand networking principals.
You are required to carry out research by using supportive materials like books, websites, etc., and give a feedback of the findings on all assessment criteria in task 1. The answers need to be reflected to the given case study.
Task 1
A.C 1.1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different networking systems, types and topologies.Analyse and clearly identify the requirements of the system for this network in order to convince the management of the given case study company.
A.C 1.2Evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards for the given case study company.
A.C 1.3Discuss how protocols enable the effective utilization of different networking systems.
LO2 Understand networking components
Task 2
The objective for this task is to address and exhibit understand networking components.
You are required to carry out research by using supportive materials like books, websites, etc., and give a feedback of the findings on all assessment criteria in task 2. The answers need to be reflected to the given case study.
A.C 2.1 discuss the role of software and hardware components for the given company case study.
A.C 2.2 discuss server types and selection requirement for the given company case study.
A.C 2.3 discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with network components
LO3 Be able to design networked systems
Task 3
The objective for this task is to address and exhibit understand networking components and be able to design a network systems for the given case study. You are required to carry out research by using supportive materials like books, websites, etc., and give a feedback of the findings on all assessment criteria in task 3. The answers need to be reflected to the given case study.
A.C 3.1Design a network system diagram using MS Visio or any other tools of your choice for the given case study. In the design you should consider current and future provisions in terms of user requirements and the network infrastructure itself.
A.C 3.2Evaluate the design you have produced for 3.1 is validated in terms of user feedback and other key factors e.g. future provision and use of proposed technology
LO4 Be able to implement and support networked systems
Task 4
The objective for this task is to address and exhibit understand of networking by implement and support network systems for the given case study. You are required to carry out research by using supportive materials like books, websites, etc., and give a feedback of the findings on all assessment criteria in task 4. The answers need to be reflected to the given case study.
A.C 4.1Implement a network systems based on the proposed design. You are required to use means of simulation software, establish a network according to the design in task 3.
A.C 4.2Test network systems to meet user requirements. Your testing includes functionality of the network to ensure that your developed network will operate seamlessly in a physical environment so that it can satisfy user requirements.
A.C 4.3Document and analyse test result against expected results. While carrying out task 4.2, the testing of the network has produced a number of results. List the results you have found in task 4.2 by contrasting them with your expected results.
A.C 4.4Recommend potential enhancement for the networked systems. Your discussions should include how your developed network will cope with future changing needs and should address possible enhancements of your network to satisfy needs of changing future environment.
A.C 4.5Design a maintenance schedule to support the network system. Your maintenance schedule should address various factors likepersonnel allocation, backup and recovery policy, maintaining security & integrity; and general administration to support the users.
6.2 Evidence Checklist

Learning Outcomes	Assessment Criteria	In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to:	Task No	Evidence Check list
LO1 - Understand networking principles	1.1	Discuss the benefits and constraints of different networking systems types and topologies	1
	1.2	Evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards	1
	1.3	Discuss how protocols enable the effective utilization of different networking systems	1
LO2 - Understand networking components	2.1	Discuss the role of software and hardware components	2
LO2 - Understand networking components	2.2 2.3	Discuss server types and selection requirement Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with network components	2 2
LO3 - Be able to design networked systems	3.1 3.2	Design a networked system to meet a given specification Evaluate the design and analyse user feedback	3 3
LO4 - Be able to implement and support networked systems	4.1	Implement a networked system based on a prepared design	4
	4.2	Test the network system to meet user requirements	4
	4.3 4.4 4.5	Document and analyse test results against expected results Recommend potential enhancements for the networked systems Design a maintenance schedule to support the networked system.

6.3 Contextualisation grid to achieve higher grade

Merit grade Description:	Indicative characteristics	Contextualisation
M1. Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions.	Effective judgments have been made. an effective approach to study and research has been applied complex problems with more than one variable have been explored	Relevant theories and techniques/process have been applied to explain different networking systems. ( AC 1.1) Appropriate methods and features have been used to evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards. ( AC 1.2 ) An effective approach has been applied to explain protocols which enables effective utilization of networking systems ( AC 1.3 ) Design a networked system to meet a given specification (3.1)
M2. Select/ design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques	A range of methods and techniques has been applied a range of sources of information has been used the design of methods/techniques has been justified complex information/data has been synthesised and processed	Appropriate features and the role of software and hardware have been discussed. ( AC 2.1 ) Relevant techniques/theories has been applied to select different types of server ( AC 2.2 ) Effective approach was applied to discuss the network hardware ( AC 2.3 ) Recommend potential enhancements for the networked systems ( 4.4)
M3. Present and communicate appropriate findings.	Technical language accurately used. the appropriate structure and approach has been used the communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used.	Appropriate findings has been generated and presented accurately ( AC 3.1 and AC 4.1) Technical language has been used to provide support your explanation throughout your assignment.
Distinction Grade Description	Indicative characteristics	Contextualisation
D1. Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusion	Evaluation has taken place using defined criteria Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics for success	Critical analysis of the network assessment has been provided in answer as well as the network evaluation ( AC 3.2 ) evaluate the impact of current network technology, communication and standards ( AC 1.2) Recommend potential enhancements has been provided for the networked systems (AC 4.4)
D2. Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities	Substantial activities/projects or investigations have been planned, managed and organized by learner.	Activities and investigations have been planned, managed and organised to design and develop the network. ( AC 3.1 , AC 4.1)
D3. Demonstrate convergent, lateral and creative thinking	ideas have been generated and decisions taken	Effective thinking has taken place to explain the reasons behind the design of the network and its associated functionality. ( AC 3.1, AC 4.1 ) Ideas have been generated for documentation of the network. ( AC 4.3 , AC 4.5 )

6.4 Assignment Guidelines:
File Format

Assignments should be uploaded on E-Learning platform before the deadline
Assignments submitted after the deadline will not be accepted unless mitigating and may be entitled for a late fee.
Assignments must be submitted in one of the following file formats: .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx or .pdf
Do not submit html files, web pages, CAD files, Visio (.vsd), PowerPoint (.ppt) or zip files unless these are specifically required for your course
If you are not sure about the file format required contact your lecturer

Assignment Format

Use a common format for the questions, for example:

Introduction (analyse the question.)
Underpinning Knowledge (write about the relevant theory/points)
Applied knowledge (Data Analysis)
Conclusions and Recommendations (summarising the whole scenario keeping in view pass, merit, distinction criteria.)

In order to PASS you need to address all the LO
In order to get a MERIT you need to address the characteristics of Pass and address M1, M2,M3
In order to get a DISTINCTION you need to address the characteristics of Pass, merit and address D1, D2 and D3

Fonts

Use a clear, readable font such as Verdana, Calibri, Tahoma or Arial, and be consistent and use the same font throughout
Use black text on a white background. Avoid coloured backgrounds or text in a colour other than black unless you have special permission to use them (for example, if you're dyslexic)
Use 12 point for the body of your assignment

Spacing

Use 1.5 or double spacing and fairly wide margins: this leaves room for the marker’s comments
Leave a blank line between paragraphs
If the questions are short, leave a blank line between each question; If they are long, start each question on a new page
Left-justify your work (also known as left-aligned). AVOID block-justified (flush left and right); it might look tidy, but it is harder to read as it can result in gaps between words.